Evaluation Of Coordinated Development Of Water Resources,ecological Environment And Economy In The Upper And Middle Reaches Of The Yellow River Basin

Since the beginning of the 21st century,the problems of ecological environment and water resources shortage in the Yellow River Basin have gradually threatened the social and economic development.Under this background,the problem of high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin has attracted the attention of academic circles in recent years.As the main part of the Yellow River Basin,the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin plays a decisive role in the high-quality development of the basin.Therefore,this study takes 29 hinterland cities in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River as the research area,and quantitatively analyzes the coordinated development level and characteristc of water resources system(WRS),ecological environment system(EES)and economy system(SES)from 2007 to 2019.On the basis of defining the scope of the study area and introducing the general situation of the study area,considering various principles,starting from the three subsystems of WRS,EES and SES,23 indexes reflecting the comprehensive development level are selected,and the geometric average combination weighting method is used to determine the weight of the indexes and subsystems,so as to construct the index evaluation system for the coordinated development of the three subsystems.Using the normalization method based on the idea of positive and negative ideal solution,the indicator normalization index and the evaluation index of the subsystem are calculated and compared with the national average level.Based on the coupling coordination degree model,the coupling coordination level between the three subsystems is calculated and analyzed,the spatial autocorrelation of the coupling coordination degree is analyzed by using the Moran Index method,and the main obstacle factors affecting the coupling coordination development of the three subsystems are analyzed by using the obstacle degree model.Finally,some countermeasures and suggestions are given based on the research results.The main conclusions are as follows.(1)The development level and evolution trend of each subsystem in the study area are clarified.The current evaluation indexes of WRS,EES and SES in the study area are 0.46,0.69 and 0.25 respectively,and the comprehensive evaluation index is 0.43,indicating that its overall development level is relatively backward,and the economic development lags behind the development of water resources and ecological environment system;Comparing the study area with the national average,it is found that the overall development level of the former significantly lags behind the latter,and the uncoordinated relationship between WRS,EES and SES is deeper than the latter.(2)The spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of the coupling coordination degree of the three subsystems in the study area are clarified.The overall coupling coordination degree of the study area in 2007 is 0.45,which is a low degree of imbalance,reaching 0.63 in 2019,which is improved to primary coordination,indicating that the three system coordination level of the study area is steadily optimizing year by year,but compared with the national average,it is found that the three system coordination degree of the study area is significantly lower than the latter;From the perspective of internal space-time characteristics,the three system coupling coordination degree of all cities has improved,and the improvement speed of western cities is generally faster than that of eastern cities,indicating that the coordination situation between the East and the west of the study area is improving;In terms of the current spatial distribution of the coordination degree of the three systems,the primary coordination cities account for the majority.The coordination degree of Xi’an is the highest,which is 0.81,which belongs to high coordination,and the coordination degree of Zhongwei and Baiyin is the lowest,which is 0.44,which belongs to mild imbalance.On the whole,the study area presents a coordination situation of high in the East and low in the West and coexistence of two poles.(3)The main obstacle factors affecting the growth of the three subsystem coupling coordination degree in the study area are clarified.The most important factor hindering the increase of the coupling and coordination degree of the three subsystems in the study area is the shortage of water resources,and there is an obvious aggravating trend,among which the situation in the Baiyin-Ningxia area is the most serious.In the past,environmental pollution were the primary obstacle as same as water shortage,but now it have evolved into secondary obstacles after water shortage.And water pollution was the most serious before,but now air pollution has become the most important environmental problem.The economic obstacles of each city are mainly manifested in the lack of innovation ability and social consumption level,with the exception of Xi’an.