Studies On Diversity And Ecological Characteristics Of Macrofungi In Lishan National Nature Reserve

The diversity of macrofungi is very important for the balance of ecosystem and the sustainable development of human society.In order to explore the macrofungi resources of Lishan National Nature Reserve,its edible and medicinal value,and clarify the ecological and floristic characteristics of macrofungi in the area,the wild macrofungi resources in the reserve were collected and identified from 2017 to 2019,and the community characteristics,nutritional methods and ecological characteristics were also analysised.Through random walk and plots investigation,549 samples of macrofungi were obtained.Using traditional morphological classification and molecular biology methods,131 species of macrofungi in the reserve were identified,belonging to 2 Phyla,4 Classes,14 Orders,33 Families,68 Genera,and 28 species were newly recorded in Shanxi Province.The dominant familis had 84 species(64.12% of total species number)belong to 10 families,and the dominant genus had 57 species in 9 genera(43.51% of total species number).According to the analysis of edible and medicinal value,there are 43 edible fungi,7 medicinal fungi,9edible and medicinal fungi,20 poisonous fungi,and 52 fungi with unknown edible and medicinal value.There are 59 kinds of edible fungi,medicinal fungi and edible and medical fungi,accounting for 45.04% of the total.According to nutritional mode,there are 93 saprophytic macrofungal species,37 symbiotic species,and 1 parasitic species,among which saprophytic macrofungi account for about 71% of the total.In terms of ecological methods,there are 48 species of rot fungi,39 species of wood rot fungi,4 species of deciduous layer fungi,and 2 species of pineal fungi.There are 36 species symbiotic with plants and 1 species symbiotic fungi with ants.1parasitic fungus on insects.The flora analysis shows that in this area,widely distributed species(C1)and Europe-Asia-North America Regional distribution species(C2)are mainly distributed in this region,which is mainly consistent with the characteristics of the subtropical warm temperate climate zone to warm temperate climate zone and broad-leaved mixed forest vegetation in this region.Based on the investigation,recording of the species and quantity of macrofungi and diversity analysis under 4 typical plant types,it showed that the diversity index of macrofungal community in the broad-leaved mixed forest was higher than others.However,the diversity index of oil pine coniferous forest and birch broad-leaved forest with a single forest type were lower,which may be related to its rich nutrition and complexity.The Pielou Uniformity Index of the broad-leaved mixed forest was also higher,which may be related to some environmental factors,incuding the overall canopy density of the broad-leaved mixed forest,the variety of humus under the forest,and the relatively high humidity.There are some are relationship between the occurrence of macrofungi on the ground and underground fungi in some groups,but this correspondence is inconsistent,which may be related to and species characters of themselves and environmental conditions.