Studies On The Macrofungi Diversity Of Jinyun Mountain Natural Reserve

Jinyun Mountain Nature Reserve is formed by the forest vegetation and the natural ecosystem of the habitats, which was the National Nature Reserve’s main protection object. Diversity of natural environment, rich in plants and animal species, lush vegetation, in the upper reaches of Changjiang river there is well-preserved subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, the forest coverage rate above90%, lush trees, and a lot of leaves under the trees, so give the condition to the macrofungi diversity. The research studies on the macrofungi of the Jinyun Mountain National Nature Reserve, mainly on species diversity, flora diversity, and ecological system diversity, get the following main results:Species diversity studies have shown that the macrofungi of Jinyun Mountain Nature Reserve have rich resources with great develop and utilized value. It was surveyed that the total macrofungi specimens is more than1,000copies,163species, belonging to12orders and43families and98genera, including Ascomycota3orders,6families,7genera and11species, accounting for6.75%of the total species; Basidiomycetes9orders,37families and91genera and152species, accounting for93.25%of the total species. Which69species of edible fungi, accounting for42.33%of the total species of the investigation;53kinds of medicinal fungi, accounting for32.52%of the total species of the investigation;31kinds of germs, accounting for19.02%of the total species of the investigation; ectomycorrhizal fungi37species, accounting for22.70%of the total species of the investigation; wood decay fungi of33species, accounting for20.25%of the total species of the investigation. In accordance with the ninth edition of the Dictionary of the Fungi "(2001) to catalog the species lists.Study on flora diversity show that Jinyun Mountain Nature Reserve have a large fungal flora and rich in composition, Has5subjects with more than10kinds, containing75species, accounting for46.01%of the Jinyun Mountain Nature Reserve macrofungi species. The number of Division is accounting for11.63%of the subjects. Containing more than five kinds are four genera; a total of30species, accounting for18.41%of the total species, the case number of the total genera is4.08%. Subordinate the composition; there are87genuses of the world distribution and North Temperate in Jinyun Mountain Nature Reserve, accounting for88.78%of the total. Judging from the species composition of the world wide distributed species,65species accounted for39.26%of the species;69kinds of species in north temperate, accounting for42.94%of the total; North temperate zone-Australian distribution have six kinds, accounting for3.68%of the total; East-North America disjunction six kinds of species, accounting for3.68%of the total; Eurasia distribution four kinds of species, accounting for2.45%of the total; China-Japan have3.07%of the total species. Study shows the macrofungal floras of the Jinyun Mountain Nature Reserve have the north temperate characteristicsEcological diversity study show that (1) Jinyun Mountain Nature Reserve, a macrofungi ecological types:wood fungi75kinds, accounting for46.01%of the total of the investigation;53kinds of soil fungi, accounting for32.52%of the total species of the investigation;2kinds of dung fungi; parasitic fungus1species;37kinds of ectomycorrhizal fungi, accounting for22.70%of the total.(2) Macrofungal diversity and forest communities and the season, mainly from the diversity of forest vegetation and seasonal changes. Depending on the plant community in Jinyun Mountain Nature Reserve will be divided into the broad-leaved forest (type Ⅰ), mixed conifer (type Ⅱ), coniferous forest (type Ⅲ), bamboo (type Ⅳ) and wasteland, grass (type Ⅴ), the differences of the5community types of macrofungal diversity in plant communities:macrofungi species composition in the different vegetation types occur in the macrofungi the broad-leaved forest (type Ⅰ) for93kinds accounted for57.06%of the known total number of species of macrofungi in Jinyun Mountain;76kinds of mixed conifer (type Ⅱ), accounting for46.63%; occur in the coniferous forest (type Ⅲ)62, accounting for38.04%;25kinds of bamboo (type Ⅳ), accounting for15.34%; wasteland, grass (type Ⅴ)25, accounting for15.34%; five vegetation groups in large fungal total, accounting for a large plant communities the proportion of the total number of fungi species was8.60%,10.53%,12.90%,32.00%and32.00%, large fungal diversity in plant communities differentially expressed, with five kinds of plant communities in vegetation distribution quite different correspond.The seasonal variation studies have shown that the macrofungi will change with the seasons from March to July, macrofungi species increasing month by month, July maximum, and then decreased month by month. Macrofungi grow closely related to temperature and precipitation. From March to July, the macrofungi increase with the average temperature and rainfall gradually increasing; during the period of July to December the average temperature and rainfall gradually decreased, large fungi occur gradually reduced from the beginning of July, the macrofungi sharp decline in December. The growth macrofungi maximum amount of number is in July, and July happens to be the highest temperature and rainfall of the month.