The Diversity Of Macrofungi And Its Relationship With Vegetation Types In Gaogesitai Hanwula National Nature Reserve

As decomposers of ecosystems,macrofungi are important components of ecosystems.The vegetation type determines the structure and nature of the ecosystem and is a comprehensive reflection of the local ecological environment.The diversity of macrofungi is closely related to the type and structure of the ecosystem.Therefore,the species composition and occurrence of macrofungi must also be closely related to vegetation types.In this thesis,the Gaogestai Hanwula National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia is the research object,and the method of sample plot investigation and random inspection is used to investigate the population structure,flora composition,diversity and different characteristics of macrofungi under 6 different typical vegetation types.The study on the distribution characteristics of macrofungi under vegetation types aims to systematically investigate the species and resources of macrofungi in protected areas,and at the same time explore the correlation between the occurrence of macrofungi and vegetation types in protected areas,which is helpful for the species diversity,utilization and conservation of macrofungi work to accumulate feasible materials.The specific results are:1.A total of 911 specimens were collected in the reserve,which were identified as belonging to 6 classes,17 orders,57 families,149 genera and 328 species.There are 99edible fungi,44 medicinal fungi,31 edible and medicinal fungi,and 26 poisonous fungi.2.There are 8 dominant families of macrofungi in the reserve,accounting for 53.05%of all species;14 genera are dominant,accounting for 34.45%of total species.3.The 149 genera of macrofungi in the reserve are distributed in 6 distribution types,mainly the world distribution genera and the north temperate distribution genera,which account for 49.66%and 28.86%of the total number of genera;Hanshan National Nature Reserve is highly similar.4.Among different vegetation types,the macrofungal richness R₁was the highest in Larix gmelinii-Betula platyphyll-Quercus mongolica（10.0591）,R₂was the highest in Betula platyphylla-Tilia mongolica-Quercus mongolica-Betula dahurica（31.6448）;Diversity indices D and H’were highest in Betula platyphylla-Tilia mongolica-Quercus mongolica-Betula dahurica（0.9932,5.1073）.In different vegetation types,the diversity index is coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest>broad-leaved forest>coniferous forest>steppe;within the same vegetation type,the variation of each diversity index of each layer is herb layer>shrub layer>arbor layer.5.Canopy cover,temperature,shrub cover,tree height and herb cover under different vegetation types had the greatest explanatory power on the variation of macrofungal dominant families in different vegetation types（P<0.05）.The tree layer diversity index H’and the evenness index E,the herb layer richness index and the shrub layer richness index had the greatest ability to explain the changes of macrofungi（P<0.05）.6.The abundance of macrofungi was positively correlated with the diversity indices of trees,shrubs and grasses,and the diversity index H’was significantly positively correlated with the diversity indices of each plant layer（P<0.05）,and was extremely significantly positive with the abundance index of the arbor layer.Correlation（P<0.01）,the diversity index D was positively correlated with the tree layer richness index,and the evenness index increased with the increase of the tree layer richness,evenness index and shrub layer evenness index,and the shrub layer comprehensively affected macrofungi.The largest factor,and the largest explanation for macrofungi.