Research On The Professional Identity Of The People In The Late Qing Dynasty And The Early Period

We own the newspaper,Di Bao,which is known as the earliest newspaper in the world and poblished only in government,but it's not the mass media.Mass media was created in the west.It was the missionaries that initially introduced them to our country.As the time goes by,the Chinese took journalist as a career.By the influence of the Sinocentrism,the pioneer in china were still despised by the Chinese in 1870 s.When chinese want to find a job,journalist is out of option.This situation did not change until the war between china and japan,which happened in 1894.It is the core issue of this paper that how to build their career identity,why did chinese refuse to accept the newspaper,why would they still stick to Sinocentrism when the Opium War had been already past 30 years,How did this situation get changed,this paper try to uncover those questions.This paper is divided into three parts: introduction,content and conclusion.The introduction introduces professional conception like career identity and so on.At the same time,it introduces several conception which belong to social history,and intellectual history,like Sinocentrism.The content is divided into three chapters.The first chapter is divided into four sections,whose title is " The hard construction of journalist's career identify".The first section briefly introduces the phenomenon that journalists got lost in the news history.Take Jiang Zhixiang,Cai Erkang and others as an example to introduce the motivation and experience of the editors who worked in Shen Bao.As the treaty port of intellectuals,they lived in the gap of two major cultural plates: east and west.Their option were not acceptable.It is obvious that there are no shared value between chinese tradition and their job.They often live in self-criticism.They found it was difficult to engage in their own career to obtain respect,understanding,let alone social status and career identity.The second section introduces the motivation of the early journalists.Because of the lack of independence of intellectuals,when the old social system collapsed,the intellectuals could not feed themselves.It is an option that transform their skills into social wealth by becoming a journalist,so manyintellectuals took it as a career.But this is only a means of making a living and there are no career identity in the choice.Back to the historical context of that time,their choice were the two-way selection between themselves and newspapers.The third section briefly introduces the reasons for the disappearance of the journalists.The social environment and individual psychology both attribute to the disappearance of the journalists.Although the ancient empire was hit badly by the western industrial civilization,because of the influence of the Sinocentrism,it was difficult for the people to pay enough attention to the real world.Therefore,the traditional values? ? were still deep-rooted and excluded from the products of Western civilization and Western civilization.The reason for this phenomenon lying in the battle of ideological,the traditional intellectuals make a living by working as a journalist,but it has never occur to their mind that someday they will leave forever.They would leave immediately if they can became a offical.The struction of modern social and the traditional ideology can not be effectively integrated is the social roots of the disappearance of the journalists.The fourth section is the positive influence of the early journalsit.The pioneer made a living by becoming a journalist,sooner or later they left the press.since then,intellectuals embarked on an independent survival of the road,out of the royal dependence,living space and social roles have undergone tremendous changes;revisit the history of journalism on politics,Wang Tao and "circular daily" status,The role is exaggerated,because the narrative of modern history is the nation-state revolutionary narrative as the theme,news history is also inevitably affected,Wang Tao and his activities was infinitely overstating.Try to explain why intellectuals would make a influence on chinese society.Scholars commenting on politics is similar with the Jixia school,both are remarkable in history.The reason laying in two aspects: the rise of elite culture and their relationship is appropriate.The second chapter is divided into two sections,whose title is "the deconstruction of career identify: social environment ".Try to explain the deconstruction of career identify by the social ideology and the imperial examination system.The first section make a longitudinal comparison between pioneer and the later journalist.Although itis obvious that the situation of the journalist had been changed,but had not fundamentally changed.From the Liang Fa to Wang Tao,there had been almost three decades,from Wang Tao to Jiang Zhixiang,Cai Erkang is also about three decades,why did ideology still has not changed after 30 years? This is a very strange phenomenon.In order to solve this problem,we have to take social transformation into consideration.Before 1870,the class contradiction was the main contradiction,Taiping Rebellion and other rebellion attracted the attention of most people,and concealed the national contradictions between China and the West.Despite the deepening of national contradictions,most of the intellectuals has not felt the revolutionary impact of western industrial civilization,the leader of this country and his ally choose to ignore western industrial civilization.The second section briefly describes the deconstraction of the career identity,which is Mainly from the imperial examination system of the attraction of the scholars,the historical role of the imperial examination system to elaborate,and the role of scholars and journalists conflict is also one of the reasons to resolve career identity.The third section discusses why the social status of the journalist is not high.First,the official did not recognize,the feudal society emphasizing officials as a model to influence,educate the people.The official did not recognize,people do not recognize the journalist either.Second,because the press conditions are poor,it could not attract high-level intellectuals,leading to the whole level of the journalist not high.Third,because there was no journalistic professionalism and other theoretical support,the newspaper style was not high.The third chapter is divided into three sections,whose title is "re-construction of the identity of the newspaper".The first section briefly introduce Yang Naewu and Xiao Baicai case and the role of Shen Bao in this case.News history had been involved in this,but there is a tendency to exaggerate.It should be said that Shen Bao played a role in fueling,but there were social and historical reasons in Yang Naiwu case.Yang Naiwu case is the four most famous case in the late Qing Dynasty,At the beginning Shen Bao used the curious approach to report this case and there were some false reports;with the case of disclosure,Shen Bao played a important role on the fairtrial of this case.The second section introduces Liang QiChao's journalism practice and the career choice of the social elite at that time.The gradual improvement of the copyright system in the late Qing Dynasty,the development of modern education makes the independent survival of intellectuals possible.At that time,the social atmosphere changed,the mass gradually realized that the mass media in the role of social life,and gradually accept the newspaper,journalist and the habit of reading.Some effective newspapers such as "the current affairs" and so on in the domestic best-selling,enlighten wisdom,guide government.Some officials also supported the development of the press.At that time the intellectuals were no longer absorbed in the fame,Lin Shu chose to be an journalist but not official,Huang Yuansheng left journalists "four abilities ",Gu Jiegang recalled at that time when reading newepaper becoming an important part of life.The third Section try to explore the reasons for changes in social atmosphere,the journalists' social status was not recognized by the community,the mass had not form the habit of reading newspaper,why would the atmosphere change so quickly after the Chinese-Japan War? The reason lies in the intellectuals really feel the influence of industrial civilization.The revolution without changing the social structure-the Westernization Movement-proved to be a failure,and only deep social change could find a way out.At this time the ideology began to change,the traditional integration of the structure deconstracted and social atmosphere had been changed..The function of newspapers to spread new ideas wildly and quickly become a lot of people's common sense.community began to pay attention to the journalist.A sense of accomplishment is an important factor in the construction of the identity of the journalists.The conclusion part summarizes the whole paper,and the career identity of the newspaper is a process of continuous construction.With the establishment of the nation-state and the transformation of the ancient empire to the modern era,the new thoughts continuously introduced to our country.The ideology has been continuouly constructed,and fight with the original ideology for the right to speak.From this point of view,the construction of journalists' career identity was also part of the overall process of the whole social ideology change and the construction of the new ideology.