Improvement Of LEACH Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks Based On Hybrid Clustering Algorithm

With the development and progress of science, Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)has a very wide range of scientific research and industrial applications, for example, It has a very good application in the field of military affairs, agriculture production management,environmental quality monitoring and so on. WSN is an ad-hoc network, composed of large amount of micro sensor nodes which have perception and wireless communication functions. It can help people easy to collect and monitoring specific physical information in any kind of environment in real-time way, at the same time, it built up an interconnection so that Internet can get physical environmental information from WSN. WSN can collect lots kind of data from complex and harsh environment instead of traditional manual way, which make people easy to get some field of environmental information by using WSN. Wireless Sensor Networks is a comprehensive technology, which integrates sensor technology,wireless communication, micro computer technology and so on. It has already become one of the hotspots in computer science current research.Wireless sensor networks often need to deploy a large number of micro sensors, and the micro sensor nodes are very small so that it only can carry very limit battery-power, and it's hard to supply the new energy to sensor. In the field of designing network routing protocol, a very important aspect that researcher should be considered is how to save energy.Wireless network routing protocol plays a core technology role in the network research.Therefore, designing a wireless routing protocol which is energy-efficient and makes each node's energy consumption more balanced so that it can extend the lifetime of the network,it is meaningful to research on WSN routing protocols.Firstly, this paper introduces some theory of wireless sensor networks, the structure of the WSN and the classification of the WSN routing protocols in detail, at the same time, thestudy gives some typical example about WSN routing protocols and compares their performance. And then the paper focuses on the LEACH(Low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy) protocol analysis. It analyzes the working principle, energy consumption model,network model. And the study gives a summary about LEACH's advantages and disadvantages, as well as the general directions of improvement about LEACH protocol.Secondly, aiming at some shortcomings of LEACH protocol, just like selecting cluster-heads randomly and so on, the paper regards the division of the area as a clustering process, because of the shortcoming of K-means algorithm, the paper use genetic algorithm to select K-means algorithm's initial cluster center and combine the feature of the wireless clustering process, then it achieved a hybrid clustering algorithm, also can call genetic K-means algorithm, which is used to divide the network into several area so that the network clustering can more balanced. And it proposed a new way to select the cluster-heads by considering the distribution, the node's residual energy and distance between cluster-head and base station. Combine the improvements on LEACH protocol, the paper proposed a LEACH-HGKM routing protocol.Finally, the paper makes some simulation of LEACH and LEACH-HGKM protocol by using Matlab platform, the result shows that the proposed protocol can extend the network lifetime, improve the energy consumption balance and achieving good performance.In this paper, the main innovations are the following:(1)It use hybrid clustering algorithm and a new cluster balance technology in the process of divide network into several area so that make it more balanced;(2)The paper proposed a comprehensive function to select the cluster-head by considering the residual energy and the distance to base station, which make it enable to reduce the energy consumption on communications;In addition, The way of communication between cluster-head and base station is a combination of single-hop and multi-hop;(3)After analyzing the mechanism of LEACH, this paper proposed an improved protocol LEACH-HGKM.