Research On Routing Protocol Of Wireless Sensor Networks Based On Energy Consumption Balance

Wireless sensor network as a new information acquisition technology, with plastic electronics and bionic human organs known as the world’s three major high-tech industries and believed to be one of the ten major technologies in the future to change the world. Wireless sensor network have a high value in the field of climate monitoring, military, environmental, space exploration and other fields. Because wireless sensor networks are usually composed of a large number of micro sensor nodes which energy is limited. Once sensor nodes deployed, the node’s power supply will not be replaced, so the energy becomes the most important resource of wireless sensor nodes. The design of routing protocol effectively can save energy and prolong the network life cycle.This paper analyzes the LEACH routing protocol, which is a classic hierarchical routing protocol. The protocol work process is divided into two stages: the establishment of clusters and the stability of data transmission. In the LEACH algorithm cluster head election is random, without considering the residual energy of nodes and the distance from the base station, which cause the cluster head election is not reasonable and the network energy consumption is not balanced. In order to improve the life cycle of wireless sensor networks, two improvements on the LEACH protocol are proposed.At the stage of the cluster, the protocol selects cluster head considering the residual energy of the node, the number of neighbor nodes and the signal emission power intensity factor, cluster-one head is responsible for receiving the node information and forwarding the data to the cluster-two heads. Then in all the non-hierarchical cluster heads, the cluster-two heads are elected at the election time, considering the distance from the base station and the surrounding link. The cluster-two heads are responsible for forwarding the data packets sent by cluster-one heads of to the SINK node. Then the optimal cluster heads are solved based on the whole network energy consumption. Simulation experiments shows that the network lifetime of DL-LEACH is longer than LEACH, and the energy consumption of nodes is more balanced.The cluster head and the SINK direct communication for stable data transmission bring a larger energy loss, this paper uses single hop and multi hop strategy which can effectively reduce the energy consumption of nodes to ensure the balance of the entire network load. The simulation results show that the improved LEACH algorithm can reduce the total energy consumption of the nodes, and the total amount of data transmission is increased by 5 times.