Cluster Head Selection Optimization Algorithm Based On The Clustering Of Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor network is energy-constrained networks, how to effectively extend the network life cycle is today's priority research areas. As the data transceiver is a major part of energy consumption, so the study significance of the sensor network routing protocols is obvious.This article first introduced the concept and characteristics of wireless sensor network. From the perspective of network topology, introduced the current typical flat routing protocols and cluster routing protocols. And analyzed the characteristics of these algorithms.Secondly, the author studied and simulated the classic cluster protocol LEACH of the wireless sensor network. Based on the research, this paper presented two algorithms——the one is a clustering algorithm of wireless sensor network based on geographical division and the another is a clustering algorithm of wireless sensor network based on PSO. The two algorithms all focus the attention to LEACH's characters as uneven distribution of nodes and does not take the energy into account in the election process.One of the improved algorithms based on geographical division divided the distribution area of nodes and make the nodes of every area are approximately equal. This can balance the load of network. At the same time, it considered the residual energy of sensors, the communication costs during the cluster head election process to make the elected cluster head have more energy and superior position in the area. Simulation results proved that the improved algorithm performs better than LEACH in energy consumption and network lifetime.The clustering algorithm based on PSO use PSO to optimize the cluster head election process by considering three factors: the residual energy of nodes, the communication costs, the node's load balance, through constant evolution to select the nodes which have optimal fitness value to act as cluster head. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm based on PSO have better performances than LEACH in certain scenes: network load balance, energy consumption stability, the prolonged lifetime.