Based On The Improvement Of The Leach Clustering Routing Protocol

Routing protocol is one of the key technologies in wireless sensor networks. Compared with traditional wireless LAN and Ad hoc networks, the sensor nodes' energy and processing capability are very limited in wireless sensor networks, which makes the design of the routing protocol is to save energy and improve the energy utilization ratio of the nodes as for primary goal. The traditional routing protocol is not suitable for wireless sensor networks, it has to according to the specific application environment and requirements to design relevant protocol for wireless sensor networks, the design and research on routing protocol has become a hot issue in many research fields currently.LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy, LEACH) is the first clustering routing protocol which be put forward for the wireless sensor networks, this protocol organizes routing by clustering, elects cluster heads periodically and dynamically, in order to balance each node's consumption, prolong the network lifetime effectively. But there are some shortcomings in LEACH protocol: the cluster heads' election is random, without considering the nodes' energy and distribution in actual network, the elected cluster head is likely not reasonable; using one hop way when transmitting data and so on, these limitations make LEACH protocol is not suitable for large-scale network.According to the randomness and blindness when electing cluster heads, this paper based on the analysis and research of LEACH protocol and some other past improved algorithms, puts forward an optimization algorithm which based on the weights when electing cluster heads. The improved algorithm considering the candidate nodes' surplus energy, node density and the distance to the base station factors when electing the cluster heads, thus make the elected cluster heads have higher energy and the distribution is more reasonable, so as to balance the network consumption and prolong system working time. Finally, using MATLAB as an experimental platform, simulate the improved algorithm, LEACH protocol, and the improved algorithms proposed before in different aspects separately, analyze and compare each performance. The experimental results show that, the improved algorithm put forward in this paper can balance the network energy better, improve the energy utilization ratio of nodes, and prolong the entire network lifetime.