Architectural Study On The Prince's Masions Located In Xicheng,Beijing

Beijing hlas being honored a famous historical and cultural city,once was the capital ranged the five dynasties with a historic span over 800 years.Many places of prince buildings were built successively in this old and modern city that left many valuable historical and cultural heritage from Yuan Dynasty to Qing Dynasty,and 46 precious royal palaces and sites of Qing Dynasty are remained in the Beijing City currently.After Qing dynasty established its capital in Beijing,the royal court revised the architectural form and the size of princes' mansion houses,which requires the imperial palace's shape according to regulations of the palace as “Court is in the front and living quarters are at the rear”.Seen from the architectural form,the building bases are vertical rectangle which the north and south are long but east and west are short commonly,however,to compare with the ordinary courtyard,it has larger scale,and a central axis runs through the whole house.The main road buildings are formed of all the houses constructed on the central axis,which must be bulit in accordance with the layout of “House Quintuple”,and be used in the major festival etiquette activities.One road or multi roads auxiliary buildings are arranged on both sides of the central axis,which are used for the bedroom of family and servant.Some palaces of larger scale will build palace garden on the side or back of palace buildings.Palace architecture is a kind of quadrangle courtyard building from its nature,but due to the host has dignitaries identity,and it carries the strict hierarchy system culture of Qing Dynasty,it owns a special place in the history of architecture with its grand scale,the rigorous planning layout and multi-level space combination and luxuriant adornment,which showes the special value and the cultural heritage significance for its existence.Xicheng district is one of the central urban area of Beijing City,it owns 22 palaces of Qing Dynasty in its sector,which contains 3 national key cultural relics protection units,7 municipal cultural relics protection units,5 district-level cultural relics protection units.With the city planning and increasing demand of economic development for Beijing City,some palaces was badly damaged,some are almost no residual,such as Duan Jun Palace and Xun Jun Palace.Some palaces do not have clear definition and division for its property inherit and possess rights,which are used respectively and disrepair for long time,there are serious casual building phenomenon in the yard,such as Ding Palace.And the mansion houses preserved well are concentrated on memorial hall,museum and office occupancy for units,such as Gong Palace,Chun Palace.The academic research of Qing Dynasty palace architecture is still in the initial stage by now.This paper choose the existing 17 Qing Palace and Jun Palace in the Xicheng District as the research object,after reading a large number of historical literature,on the basis of combining with field investigation on current situation of film and data statistics,this paper mainly carry a systematic study and analysis of Qing Dynasty Xicheng Palace from five parts including history background,planning layout,architectural form,construction style and cultural connotation,and the specific statement of the example Gong Palace is in the last chapter.Nowadays,these palatial buildings had lost the old style,but as a cultural carrier,they still have the high academic value.