Research On The Architecture Spatial Form Of Prince's Mansion Building In Qing Dynasty In Beijing

Mansions of Qinwang Prince in Qing Dynasty of Beijing is the middle level of the Royal Palace architecture and traditional courtyard houses, they are also the highest rank in Mansions of Princes whose ranks and regulations on building construction are just next to the Royal Palace architecture. As China's traditional ancient architecture, they possess a very important historical value and scientific value. In addition, Mansions of Qinwang Prince have a direct relationship with the rise and fall of the whole Qing Dynasty. The political life of Mansion's owners, inheritance of Qinwang'rank, and construction regulations of prince buildings, the vicissitude of prince buildings and so on, all have extremely rich research values.Taking the Total Map of Beijing in Qianlong Stage in 1750 as the research background, on the basis of a large number of historical documents, more than 40 Prince Mansions were deeply analyzed, including the history of all buildings and their characteristics of spatial distribution, and the preservation condition of Prince Mansions were deeply investigated.The second chapter studies the formation and evolution of Prince Mansions in Qing Dynasty. First of all, the related regulations that explained the fundamental reasons for the formation of the Prince mansions were studied. Secondly, in order to estimate whether all buildings of Prince Mansions meet the regulations in different periods, the relevant provisions of Mansion architecture which were set by the rulers of Qing Dynasty were analyzed. Thirdly, the changes in the quantity both of each period and the whole stage were summarized and comparatively studied from the horizontal and vertical level.The third chapter, from the macro level, the regularities of spatial distribution and characteristics of Site Selection of all Prince Mansions in inner city of Beijing were studied. From the micro level,27 Prince Mansions with plans were analyzed in depth from three aspects-- "City and Mansion" & "Mansion and Courtyard"& "Mansion and Garden" with different objects. At last, relevant factors which have an influence on the distribution of Prince Mansions were analyzed overall.The fourth chapter, individual architectures were studied. Firstly, the most representative five main structures of Prince Mansions include the main door, main hall, back hall, bedroom palace and the back enclosures were analyzed. In the next place, the annex buildings which have rich types and variety of forms, involve the stable, ancestral hall, theater stage and garden architecture were summarized. Finally, related factors which influence architecture style of Prince Mansions were deeply analyzed.The fifth chapter, on the basis of extensive field research, the preservation of the existing Prince Mansions was recorded, and the reasons for the breakdown of those Prince Mansions were analyzed. According to a large number of effective examples, this paper tried to explore a method to make Prince Mansions endow new functions as well as a traditional culture lasting forever. At last, the paper proposed some recommendations and wish about the protection and utilization of Prince Mansions.