Studies On The Macrofungal Diversity And Ecology Of BiFeng Gorge Scenic Area

Bi Feng Xia Gorge Scenic Area is the AAAA scenic tourist area in China, which includes Canyon Scenic Spot, Wildlife Zoo and Giant Panda Pressrving Base. It locates in the subtropical moist of mid-latitudinal inland, where the ecological environment is excellent and the resources of animals and plants are rich. The forest coverage is more than 90% and the species of macrofungi are abundant. The research had systematically studied the species diversity of macrofungi in Bi Feng Xia Gorge Scenic Area by the method of morphological classification combined with molecular biotechnology, so the floristic composition and habitat characteristics of macrofungi had been clarified, the relativity between the diversity and the habitats about vegetation types, aspect, soils had been explored. The results were as follows:(1) A number of plots were set up and macrofungi were investigated from June to November,2008 and from April to November,2009. More than 400 specimens were collected and 275 species were identified in those specimens. According to morphological classification and molecular biotechnology,275 species were identified in 114 genus,52 families,14 orders,3 classes and 3 divisions, which had been catalogued on the basis of Dictionary of Fungi(Ainsworth & Bisby,2001).(2) The result of the flora diversity indicated that the fungi flora was very rich in Bi Feng Xia; there had 161 species of 9 families which contained more than 10 species, occupied 58.91% total number of macrofungi in Bi Feng Xia Gorge Scenic Area, but 17.31% total family number.108 species of 14 genuses which contain more than 5 species occupied 39.42% total species number,12.28% in the total genus number.(3) The relation of the macrofungal distribution and vegetation community types was showed that the macrofungal diversity was very different in evergreen broad-leaved forest (Ⅰ), Cryptomeria fortunei forest (Ⅱ), Metasequoia glyptostroboides forest (Ⅲ), Bamboo forest (Ⅳ), mixed broad-leaved and bamboo forest (Ⅴ) and grassland (Ⅵ). The change trend of Species Richness Index (R) wasⅠ>Ⅱ>Ⅴ>Ⅲ>Ⅳ>Ⅵ; the change trend of Evenness Index (E) wasⅤ>Ⅲ>Ⅳ>Ⅰ>Ⅱ>Ⅵwhich was as the same as Dominance index (D) but different from R1; the change trend of Species diversity index (H') wasⅠ> Ⅴ>Ⅲ>Ⅳ>Ⅱ>Ⅵ. Through the determination of soil organic matter, it showed that the changes in different vegetation types were consistent to the species of macrofungi.(4) Macrofungal diversity was affected by the environmental factors. As the seasons changed, the number of species increased gradually from April to August. It reached its peak in August, and then decreased. The study of the month of temperature showed that the number of macrofungal species increased gradually, but its peak wasn't in July when temperature was highest. It showed that macrofungi to temperature had a certain lag; different slopes also had a certain influence on macrofungal diversity, but the difference was not significant. Generally, macrofungi predominantly growed on the north-facing slope of less than 40°.(5) The macrofungal diversity was significantly affected by soil nutrient properties. The relationship between diversity index and soil factors showed that pH and Dominance index (D), Species diversity index (H') and Evenness Index (E) were very significantly negative correlation; the available K was positive correlation with Dominance index (D). Multiple linear analysis showed that pH and organic matter significantly affected the community diversity of geophilous macrofungi.