Studies On The Macrofungal Diversity In Fenglin Nature Reserve Of Heilongjiang Province

Species diversity, flora diversity and relation between season and forest community in the Fenglin Nature Reserve were systematically studied in this study.More than 700 specimens in 260 species were collected and identified based on morphological classification, which belong to 113 genera 50 families 15 orders 2 classes. Among them, 246 species are basidiomyetes belonging to 12 orders, 42 families, 104 genera; 14 species are ascomycetes belonging to 1 class, 3 orders, 8 families, 9 genera. There are 43 new record species to Heilongjiang Province. The diverse list of these species was arrangded according to Dictionary of the Fungi (2008,10th), and the voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of the Mycological Insititute of Jilin Agricultural University (HMJAU).The results of flora diversity study indicated that there are rich fungi floras in the Fenglin Nature Reserve. Seven families including more than 10 species contain 128 species, which occupied 49.2% of the total number of macrofungi in the Fenglin Nature Reserve and occupied 14% of the total family number.11 genera including more than 5 species contain 107 species in all, which occupied 42% total species number and occupied 11.8% in the total genus number. Regarding the species composition:47 species are comopolitans occupied18% of total species number, 36 species are North-temperate zone species occupied 14% of total species number,13 species are Japan-China species occupied 5% of the total species number.11 species are Eur-asian species occupied 4% of the total species number.The macrofungi diversity has correlation with forest community and season. Forest community of Fenglin Nature Reserve was classified into Pinus forest (â… ), Picea-Abies-Pinus forest (â…¡), Tilia-Pinus forest (â…¢), Quercus-Pinus forest (â…£), and Betula-Pinus forest(V), which occupied 20%,18.9%,14.1%,21.4% and 12.3% of the total species number respectively. This indicated that the macrofungi diversity in the 5 kinds of forest communities are different. After two years of researches, it was found that the occurrence of macrofungi have some rules to follow. The macrofungi could be found in May. Following the gradual warming of the local temperatures in early June, Pluteus and Polyporellus occurred. From mid-June to late June, Marasmius and Mycena growing. In late July-early September, macrofungi on the type and number were significantly increased. Particularly in lepista, Amnanita and Clitocybe occurred more. To early October, following the decrease of the local temperature, the number and variety of macrofungi were sharply declined and only sporadicly occurrenced of individual species, such as Pleurotus cornucopiae and Sarcomyxa serotina.