Improvement And Simulation Of LEACH Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Sensor Network is a new and developing information access techonlogy.It has prospect deeply in probing, industrial automation equipment, ecological environmental monitoring etc.The nodes in the Wireless Sensor Network are tiny and cheap. It has the ability of data processing and storage.Besides,some noeds have the ability of positioning system and mobile unit.The nodes in WSN are made of sensor module,processor module,wireless communication module,power moudle.It takes the data as center.Because the nodes in WSN move quickly,and the network topology change quickly.This leads to the design of routing becomes complex.The topic introduces the kinds, the characteristic and the algorithm analysis of the routing protocol of the WSN.It introduces the key technique of WSN,such as topology control,protocol, data fuse, Node-Positioning technology etc.It detailed introdeces physical layer, transport layer, data link layer, application layer and three mangerment planes(power management plane,mobility management plane,task management plane).According to the different gatekeepers, wireless sensor network routing protocols are divided into active routing protocols and passive routing protocols, According to the logic structure of network management, wireless sensor network routing protocols are devided into flat routing protocols and hierarchical routing protocols.According to the feature of the network,we put fordward to the design requirements. It introduces the protocols simply,which are flat routing protocols,the hierarchical routing protocols,the routing protocols based on the position and the energy perception routing protocols.It compares the advantage and disadvantage of the protocols.Aiming at the shortcomings of the LEACH in the thesis,we put forward the LEACH-M protocol as follows:Ⅰ.It improves the security verifiable mechanism of the nodes.It verified the networks information by comparinng the RSSI information and practical coordinates to ensure the safety of network.Ⅱ.It analyzed the protocols according to the energy model.This model is made of three layers that top-to-bottom ordinal notes for:F1,F2 and F3 according to the coordinate and residual energy of the nodes.Each layer sets energy threshold to control the entrance and exit of the nodes.Ⅲ. In the energy layer model,it improves the algorithm of the form and choosen of the cluster-heads. Statistic the anmount of the neighbour nodes of each node, it indivies the nodes into clusters acccording to the number of neighbor nodes and chooses the cluster-heads according to optimal cluster number.Ⅳ. It improves the routing between cluster-heads. This improvement mainly aims at distance date-base. It establisher the routing by choosing cluster-heads in the station on the direction of cluster-heads as next-hop.The quantity of the nodes, energy consumption of the nodes and the received data of the station are verified on NS-2 simulation platform.It shows that the improved protocols reduce the energy consuption and enhance the network performance.This thesis is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60672137,60773211,60970064), Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment(No. SKLSDE-2009KF-2-02),Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program Foundation of Ministry of Education of China Under Grant(No.20060497015), the National Science Foundation of HuBei Province under Grant No.2008CDB335,by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-08-0806),Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation for Young Teachers in Higher Education Institutions of China (No.121067) and NSF of Wuhan Municipality (No:201010621207).