Leach Routing Protocol In Wireless Sensor Network Research And Improvement

Along with the wireless communication, integrated circuit, sensors and micro mechanical and electrical system technology rapid development and increasingly mature, Sensor information acquisition technology has been developed from the single gradually towards the direction of integration, miniaturization and network. Wireless sensor network(WSN) has been emerged at the historic moment, and caused extensive concern of the world, its application has been extended to the military defense, industrial and agricultural control, public safety, environmental monitoring, city management, intelligent transportation, medical health, anti-terrorism and disaster relief and many other areas.However, due to the nodes density of wireless sensor network, they are usually installed in harsh environment and difficult to replace, its own battery is easy to appear less energy and so on the situation, therefore how to prolong the lifetime of the network in the energy bound has become the important topic in the study of domestic and foreign scholars. The traditional wireless network routing protocol has not suitable for the emerging wireless sensor networks, so research and design a routing protocol which can effectively save energy and prolong the lifetime of the network is particularly urgent.Based on the wireless sensor network as the research background, this paper introduces the system structure, characteristics, key technology and application of wireless sensor network. And with wireless sensor network routing protocol as the direction of research, analysis and discusses of the main ideas and classification. Introduce and contrast for several classic routing protocols. After that, it focus on researching and analysing the low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol, according to its cluster head distributed unequally, nodes energy imbalance and single hop routing communication deficiencies, the author puts forward a improvement protocol based on the LEACH protocol. With the optimal cluster head number as the standard, this protocol puts the network coverage area to divide into many subdomains, avoiding the uneven distribution of cluster head; still using the concept of the "round" which is in the LEACH protocol, it take the residual energy of nodes as election standard of the cluster head, solving the node energy consumption disequilibrium problem; it bring in a "super cluster head" concept in the network structure, and design a weight value formula, when the data in the steady state transmission, the cluster head combines with weight value formula to select a larger weight "super cluster head" as the next transmitting node to transmit data, after that the data will be transmitted to the base station, thus to reduce the energy consumption and improve the lifetime of the nodes.Finally, with a combination of wireless sensor network in disaster monitoring, forest fire prevention of the actual environment, the author uses the MATLAB software simulation to simulate the real environment, and to proceed the LEACH protocol and the improved protocol simulation experiments, by comparing the simulation results, we know the improved protocol can be effectively balance the energy consumption of the network, and prolong the lifetime of network.