Research Of Hierarchical Routing Protocol Based On Clustering In Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a new technological network. As a combination of data collection, transmission, amalgamation and analysis, it can effectively link the physical world and digital world, which laid a foundation for realization of pervasive computing. Therefore, WSN has been widely used in the fields of military affairs, medical relief and rescue, and environmental supervision and etc.Research background, current application status and research exploring of WSN is introduced in this paper, including a description of basic structure and main features of WSN, a summarization of a design strategy and technical route to realize the topology structure, communication protocol and routing mechanism of WSN.Cluster-based routing protocol is emphasized in the paper, which has already been the hotspot of current research to WSN route protocol because of its characteristic of high efficiency, low energy consumption and self adaptation, among which LEACH algorithm is a typical representative. In this paper, an algorithm based on clustering (LEACH-CLUSTER) is presented to solve the problem of uneven distribution of head nodes of LEACH algorithm. In LEACH-CLUSTER algorithm, the idea of clustering techniques was introduced to clusters network into groups and improved the shape of each group; in head node selection, LEACH-CLUSTER algorithm considered the factor of the energy and the position of the node which prolonged lifecycle of network.The node structure and working principle is analyzed in this paper, the working energy consumption of sensor node is researched, the communication protocol of sensor node and its realization procedure is described. Then, the energy consumption of data collection,data transceiver, and the dormant state is supervised by GAINZ node, which verified the energy consumption of the node.The simulation of LEACH and its improved protocols LEACH-CLUSTER has been carried out through MATLAB and NS2. By comparing the simulation results, it is shown that LEACH-CLUSTER could prolong lifecycle of network, and specially perform superior under the condition that network node distributes asymmetrically and density differs a lot.