Research And Improvement Of Wireless Sensor Network Clustering Routing Protocol Based On LEACH Protocol

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a high end of research subject crossed by multi-disciplines which include sensor technology, network interconnecting technology, distributing technology and so on. Network is composed of many tiny sensor nodes which can monitor, perceive and collect the information or the object monitored in the environment concerned in real time by the way of self-organizing and mutual cooperation. Then, the network sends the data to the location of customs for analyzing and using.In the first, the paper introduces the system structure of the wireless sensor network, analyzes the key technology and the performance evaluation of the network. Secondly, the paper does some researches of basic algorithm related of clustering routing protocols. Finding that the energy of sensor nodes is very limited, it will be exhausted if the complementary of energy is poor, so that it is very important for designer have a thought of saving energy of nodes. We should not only concern the energy saving for each node, but also pay attention to the entire network, and try our best to get ways of prolong the life time of the network. The paper introduces the system structure, energy model and algorithm process of LEACH in detail. Though analyzing both advantages and shortcomings of the LEACH, the paper focuses on the enhanced way that how to get the best position of cluster head and what is the most reasonable number of cluster heads.The paper continues to use the concept of"wheel", divides the network engineering into two steps which is establishing process and working stability process. (1)At the aspect of the best number of cluster head, according to the shortages of LEACH algorithm, the paper proposes an improved algorithm by referring the useful thoughts of FCM. It makes good use of FCM, Euclidian distance and statistics F that could get the most accurate number of cluster heads, as well as position of them.(2)At the aspect of the formation of clusters, it comprehensively takes usable energy of nodes, station distance and node degree into account. After first run, the energy of each node has changed, Because the paper adopts the fixed dividing way of clusters, only we should do is find nodes in the areas of each cluster node.(3)The paper Changes the way of communication among clusters. in the enhanced way, it adopts the method of integrating the single-hop and multi-hop to help clusters selecting more reasonable path by which sends the information to the base station.Finally, the simulation of new algorithm based on MATLAB, compare with the way of FCMC, LEACH and HEED, shows that the performance of new algorithm is better. It balances the energy of network, and partially prolongs the life time of network cycle.