The Improvement Of LEACH Protocol Based On Uneven Cluster And Inter-cluster Multi-hop

Wireless sensor network, which is made up of large numbers of miniature intelligent sensor node, is able to sense some information like temperature and humidity. And it can also convey the information collected from the monitor area to the users. Wireless sensor network can almost be deployed in any circumstances except some extreme circumstances. Thus, WSN has extensive application prospects in the field of modern military, intelligent residential system, safety etc. With the rapid development of modern industrial technology, the cost of sensor node is decreasing, and it will be seen everywhere in our daily life. The information collection of WSN and wireless communication consume energy, while energy in sensor node is limited. When the energy runs out, WSN will be useless. In order to increase the survival time of network, it is very important to research the technical WSN routing protocol.This paper conducts a deep research on LEACH protocol of WSN. Aiming at the existing problems of LEACH protocol, the following several aspects are improved and a clustering routing protocol based on uneven cluster and inter-cluster multi-hop is put forward--UCICMH(Uneven Cluster and Inter- cluster Multi-hop).Firstly, the choice of cluster in LEACH protocol is decided by the random number of node generation. The number of the cluster generated in this way is volatile, and the distribution of the cluster is uneven. The cluster may cluster in one area of the network or scatter in the marginal area around the network. Which is bad for the network to cluster and to save energy. In this paper, network is divided into many virtual areas in advance, each virtual area choose a node as the cluster head, in this way, the cluster node can be restricted in different areas of the network, which has solved the problems of fluctuation and unevenness.Secondly, the random choice of cluster node may choose the node which has less energy as the cluster head. While the cluster head needs to consume large amounts of energy. Thus, this way will the quicken the death of some nodes, which is very bad to the sensor nodes which has limited energy. Moreover, the random choice of cluster node may hardly ensure the rationality of the size of the cluster in network. Aiming at this problem, this paper puts forward an uneven clustering method which reduces the size of the clusters near the base station and enlarges the size of the clusters which are far away from the base station. The above improving method can balance the data load of each node in network and energy consumption of each node.Thirdly, in LEACH protocol, long-distance communication is conducted between the cluster head and the base station. Because the energy consumed by nodes and the communication distance have exponentially relationship, long-distance communication will consume large amount of energy of the cluster head. And the cluster head which is far away from base station will consume much more energy, which will lead to a large reduction of survival time of nodes in this area. Aiming at this problem, a scheme of data transmission of inter-cluster multi-hop is put forward, which transfers the cluster head data on the farside to the base station.The result of simulation indicates that the improving methods discussed in this paper can increase the survival time of network in an effective way.