Study On The Influencing Factors And Renewal Design Strategy Of Community Outdoor Activity Space For Aging

With the gradual acceleration of aging,the elderly’s health demands and outdoor activities are rising,and the construction of physical and soft environment of the community outdoor environment has become an important component of the development of the "aging-in-place".There are still some problems in the renewal of agefriendly community outdoor space,such as the disconnection between theoretical standards and practical conditions,the narrow definition of the age-friendly,the unclear process and mechanism of space and behavior,and the fragmentation of renewal practice.Therefore,based on the status quo of the physical and social built environment’s influence on behaviors,this paper takes how community outdoor activity space can better support or promote the outdoor activities of the elderly as the main starting point,and explores the mechanism of the aging influence factors in the process of interaction between community outdoor activity space and behaviors,and the generation of the systematic design strategies for the age-friendly and renewal of the space.The theoretical framework of renewal for aging in the context of community outdoor environment is established.This paper summarizes the theoretical basis of life circles,community building and community ecology.On the basis of analyzing how physical and social environments affect behavior,the spatial classifications and characteristics of outdoor activities in the community,and the contents of outdoor activities for the elderly according to the questionnaire survey are analyzed Three levels of perspectives of renewal for aging in the context of community outdoor environment are developed: the perspective of community texture influence,community spirit drive and social support expression,and the exploration trends of renewal for aging in the context of community outdoor environment are discussed from three aspects,i.e.,multi-dimensions,sharing and locality.Thus,the research direction is formed.The community outdoor activity space in the main urban area of Harbin is selected to carry out a field investigation,and the characteristics of physical and soft environment,the using status of space by the elderly are analyzed,and lots of information based on the situation such as physical and soft factors and active scenes are obtained.Research is carried out on the activity space within the community,public open space and resourcesharing space.The types of outdoor space within the community are divided into enclosing type,determinant type,concentrated point type and mixed type for discussion.The public open space is divided into urban park,public square and edge space.The resource-sharing space is selected to analyze the current situation of joint-use of outdoor activity space in colleges and universities.Then,the characteristics and changes of the influence of the physical and social built environment status on the behavior of the elderly are systematically analyzed.Based on the research status of the community outdoor activity space,the necessity of the community outdoor activity space for aging renewal is discussed.Through the grounded theoretical analysis,focusing on how the space affects the outdoor behaviors of the elderly,the semi-structured interview text is qualitatively analyzed,and the physical and soft factors that affect the renewal for aging of space are extracted and the theoretical model is established.After conceptualization of original data,categorization of concepts,correlation between categories and three-level coding procedures of core phenomena,and the core category is obtained.Furthermore,the logical pyramid relationship of "main category,sub-category and concept" among the factors suitable for aging(the community outdoor activity space factor at the spatial material level and the social support factor at the soft factor level)is mainly demonstrated.Based on the social ecological impact model of physical activity and the core phenomena obtained by grounded theory analysis,the theoretical model of "the influence mechanism of spatial factors on outdoor behavior" is proposed.Through the structural equation model(SEM),the theoretical model of "influence mechanism of spatial factors on outdoor behavior" is empirically analyzed,and the influence path analysis and mediation effect test are carried out according to the fitting results.After the questionnaire design,data collections and data reliability tests,10 latent variables corresponding to 36 observation variables are extracted from the principal components of collected data by using the method of exploratory factor analysis(EFA),which are used for the initial construction,fitting and modification of SEM model.The influence path analysis and mediation effect test are carried out on the final revised model,and the influence path and effect of spatial elements of different dimensions on behavior are summarized and analyzed,as well as the influence paths and mediation effect of intermediary elements of different dimensions.Based on the previous field investigations and analysis,theoretical construction and empirical test results,the conclusions are formed from a more systematic perspective,so as to integrate and guide the practice of renewal for aging.Based on the present situation,the target of renewal for aging of physical environment and soft environment is established,and community outdoor activity circles from the perspectives of elderly people of different ages are constructed,and the impact of social network on the outdoor activity circle is discussed.Then,considering the impact of residential texture,the design strategies of renewal for aging are proposed for the three actual plots with different urban texture characteristics.From the perspective of community spirit driving,the design strategies of renewal for aging are proposed for the close neighborhood circle,the neighborhood connection circle and the neighborhood interest expansion circle.From the perspective of social supportive expressions,the design strategies of renewal for aging are proposed based on the influence paths of emotional consolation supportive elements,tangible tool supportive elements,information connection supportive elements and selfassessment supportive mining of elements.This research focuses on "elderly-oriented",and the factors influencing the renewal for aging of community outdoor activity space include not only the hard elements that constitute the physical environment;It also includes the soft elements that constitute the social environment.In the coupling of soft and hard elements,the influence mechanism of space on behavior is explored,and the research progress on the correlation between outdoor built environment and physical activity is also promoted,which is conducive to guiding and promoting the aging renewal practice of outdoor activity space in community.