Key Technologies Research And Chip Design For 24~36 GHz Silicon-Based Wideband Frequency Source

In recent years,the frequency bands of wireless communication systems are mainly concentrated in 0⁶ GHz,which makes the spectrum resources of this band become less and less and cannot meet the requirements of high data transmission rate.When the spectrum resources in 0⁶ GHz are exhausted,the development of communication systems to higher frequency bands?such as microwave and millimeter-wave bands?will become an inevitable trend.5G(5^th-generation)technology is a new generation of mobile communication technology which would be widely used after 2020.At present,most of the global 5G spectrums are allocated in the band of 24³6 GHz.Therefore,the chip implementation of the24³6 GHz wideband frequency source can meet the multi-band requirements of the global5G communication.Besides,it can also reduce the size of microwave and millimeter-wave transceiver systems,and realize broadband frequency hopping of radar systems.In summary,the research and design for 24³6 GHz wideband frequency source are of great theoretical significance and application value.This thesis is dedicated to the key technologies research and chip design for 24³6 GHz wideband frequency source.Based on 0.13?m SiGe BiCMOS process,this thesis completes chip designs of the 24³6 GHz wideband voltage controlled oscillator?VCO?,the 24³6 GHz wideband divide-by-2 frequency divider,the 12¹8 GHz wideband programmable frequency divider,the 50 MHz phase frequency detector?PFD?and charge pump,and the 24³6 GHz wideband frequency source.The choice of the microwave and millimeter-wave frequency source structure is not only related to the frequency range it can provide,but also related to the complexity,design feasibility,cost and power consumption of the whole system.A reasonable system structure design and loop parameter design are prerequisites for achieving system design specifications.In this thesis,the literature review of microwave and millimeter-wave frequency sources in the past 10 years is given,and 4 common structures of microwave and millimeter-wave frequency sources are summarized.This thesis compares and analyzes the pros and cons of these 4 structures,and determines the PLL structure based on fundamental VCO according to the design requirements.Based on the phase noise analysis and loop parameters analysis,the detailed design parameters of each module in the system are determined.Using the Simulink tool in Matlab,the verification on the overall performance of the frequency source system is carried out through behavioral level simulation.The microwave and millimeter-wave VCO is the core module in the frequency source system of this thesis.Its tuning range determines the output frequency range of the frequency source.And its phase noise dominates the out-of-band phase noise of the frequency source.Therefore,a reasonable VCO design is a prerequisite for achieving good performance of the frequency source.In this thesis,the literature review of microwave and millimeter-wave VCOs in the past 10 years is given,and 3 common structures of microwave and millimeter-wave VCOs are summarized.This thesis compares and analyzes the pros and cons of these 3 structures,and determines the structure of the Colpitts VCO array according to the design requirements.Based on the impulse sensitivity function?ISF?analysis,the analytic equation of phase noise of the common-collector Colpitts oscillator is derived,and the optimization strategy of phase noise is given.Based on the optimization analysis above,a Colpitts VCO array using switchable bias current technique is designed and taped out.The measured results show that its tuning range is 22³6.8 GHz,and the phase noise at 1 MHz offset is less than–95.3 dBc/Hz,which meets the design specifications of the 24³6 GHz wideband VCO.The microwave and millimeter-wave÷2 frequency divider is an important module in the frequency source system of this thesis.It halve the output frequency of the VCO and send this signal to the programmable frequency divider,thus reducing the design difficulty of the programmable frequency divider.In this thesis,the literature review of microwave and millimeter-wave÷2 frequency dividers in the past 10 years is given,and 4 common structures of microwave and millimeter-wave÷2 frequency dividers are summarized.This thesis compares and analyzes pros and cons of these 4 structures,and determines the structure of the ring-oscillator-based injection locked frequency divider?RO-ILFD?according to the design requirements.In view of the limitations of the current RO-ILFD analysis method,this thesis focuses on a new analysis method for the microwave and millimeter-wave RO-ILFD design,and derives the general analytical formula of the self-resonant frequency and the frequency-dividing range of RO-ILFD.Based on the analysis above,a two-stage ring oscillator with dual-input injection is designed and taped out.The measured results show that it has a frequency division range of 16⁶7 GHz when the input signal power is–10 dBm,which meets the design specifications of the 24³6 GHz wideband÷2 frequency divider.The programmable frequency divider is an important module in the frequency source system of this thesis.It can divide the signal from the microwave and millimeter-wave frequency band into the megahertz frequency band and realize the continuous adjustment of the frequency dividing ratio.In this thesis,the literature review of microwave and millimeter wave programmable frequency dividers in the past 10 years is given,and 2 common structures of programmable frequency dividers are summarized.This thesis compares and analyzes the pros and cons of these 2 structures,and determines the programmable frequency divider structure based on pulse and swallow counters according to the design requirements.Based on the analysis of the basic units of the frequency divider,this thesis applies the asymmetrically sized latching pair technique and the gate-embedded technique to the design of the ultra-wideband programmable frequency divider,and completes its tape-out.The measured results show that it has a frequency division range of 6²2 GHz when the input power is–12.5 dBm,which meets the design specifications of the 12¹8 GHz wideband programmable frequency dividerPFD and charge pump are important modules in the frequency source system.The PFD compares the feedback signal and the external reference signal,and sends the corresponding charge-discharge pulses to the charge pump.Then the loop filter can be charged or discharged by the charge pump,and a tuning voltage would be formed on the loop filter to control the VCO output frequency.In this thesis,the literature review of PFD and charge pump in the past 10 years is given,and 3 common PFD structures and 2 common charge pump structures are summarized.This thesis compares and analyzes the pros and cons of these structures,and determines the structure of the edge-triggered PFD and the structure of the single-ended charge pump.Based on the analysis of the non-ideal factors of PFD and charge pump,this thesis designs a cascade circuit of PFD and charge pump,and completes its tape-out.The measured results show that its input relative phase range is[–1.96?,1.96?],and the output voltage range is 0.25³.1 V,which meets the design specifications of the 50 MHz PFD and charge pump.Finally,the cascading mode of the modules in the frequency source system is studied in this thesis.The coupling effect between signals,the distribution way of DC and AC paths,and the influence of bonding wires are discussed,and the corresponding solutions are given.On this basis,this thesis integrates the circuit modules in the frequency source system,thus completing the design and the tape-out of the 24³6 GHz wideband frequency source.The measured results show that its frequency range is 23.0³6.8 GHz,the phase noise at 1 MHz offset is?96.7^?87.0 dBc/Hz,and reference spur is?65.6^?52.6 dBc,which fully meets the design specifications.This successful design shows that the theoretical analysis and the design method of this thesis is correct and effective.