Classified Development And Management Research Of Islands Based On Ecological Suitability And Land-sea Coordinating View

The island is a strategic base for human to exploit and utilize marine resources.With the continuous migration of population and economy to the coastal areas,the island has gradually become a key planning area for the social and economic development.Compared with the mainland,the island ecosystem has the characteristics of isolation,vulnerability and irreversibility of ecological regulation and restoration.Therefore,the ecological suitability of island development has attracted wide attention.At present,studies on the ecological suitability of island development mainly focus on the impact of human activities on island ecosystem and the assessment of island resource biocapacity,and most of them only focus on the island itself,with little consideration given to the contribution of surrounding sea area to island biocapacity.From the review of studied area,the research on ecological suitability of island development focuses on the development and utilization of extremely large islands and uninhabited islands,while the research on resource development and ecological protection of small and medium-sized islands with residents is relatively scarce.Meanwhile,tourism beach,as a typical characteristic resource of islands,plays a major role in the development of island tourism,and is an important guarantee for the protection of island coastline.However,the existing research on beach management system is still one-sided,lacking sufficient comprehensiveness,and does not distinguish the situation of small and medium-sized islands from that of large islands.To solve above problems,this paper summarizes firstly the researches of ecological suitability and sustainable development at home and abroad,then on the basis of the theory of ecological geology theory,the relationship between human and environment,and natural resource assets management theory,adopting the field investigation,remote sensing image interpretation,questionnaire survey and SWOT analysis,combining with historical data,the following studies were carried out:(a)Based on the perspective of sea-land coordination,the contribution of sea areas around islands to the island ecosystem is included into the research scope.(b)Constructed the island development ecological suitability measure framework based on "ecosystem services value-ecological footprint and biocapacity",put forward to island classification development of large island comprehensive development,small and medium-sized island characteristic resources development,as the precondition of island land and freshwater resources.It fills the lack of ecological suitability of island development in the development of small and medium-sized islands with residents.(c)Based on the distance constraint relationship between resource and key ecological factors,the ecological suitability evaluation framework for development of small and mediumsized islands was constructed to analyze the management status and characteristics of characteristic resources and tourist beaches.(d)Based on the coupled coordination model of "production-life-ecology",this paper takes Pingtan Island as a case to analyze the interactive balance between the ecological footprint and biocapacity of an island from the perspective of sea-land coordinating.Based on the land and sea coordinated development model,this paper takes the port shoreline resources of Meizhou Island as an example to study the development opportunity of island characteristic resources.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The main methods to improve the island biocapacity include: turning ecological land into construction land by island development;obtaining from the surrounding waters by means of fishery breeding,but it is limited by the endowment of marine resources;allocating resources from the mainland by means of land and sea coordination,but it is limited by traffic conditions and cost.Therefore,it can be seen that the area of constructible land is the most fundamental factor restricting the development of islands,and the population and economic base are also the restricting factors.Only islands with large land area and capable of carrying a certain number of population and economic scale can have comprehensive development foundation,otherwise it is advisable to conduct protective development as characteristic resources.(2)The comprehensive development of large-scale islands(resident islands at or above the county level)will inevitably lead to the reduction of ecosystem service function,and the ecological constraint factors of the island development are mainly freshwater resources and vegetation resources.In the process of development and utilization of large-scale islands,the proportion of garden green coverage rate and landscape wetland water area should be improved in construction land,then avoiding damaging wind-proof and sand-fixing vegetation,and occupying water resource ecological area and destroying underground water layer structure are strictly prohibited.(3)Small and medium-sized islands(islands below township level and uninhabited islands)are suitable for the protective development of characteristic resources,while island groups close to each other(archipelagos)can adopt block cluster development.(4)Based on the thinking of land-sea coordinating,the social and economic development of the region can be promoted through reasonable resource allocation between islands and the mainland.When small and medium-sized islands have a high degree of coordinated development with the mainland of the region,the characteristic resources possessed by islands may be left for future development.(5)Small and medium-sized island beaches are extremely important and special coastal resources,and their tourism development management is obviously different from that of mainland beaches and large island beaches,which need to be considered from the overall situation and overall planning perspective of the entire island development.It can be divided into three stages: passive,active and balanced development.Small and medium-sized island beaches are of great significance for maintaining the stability of island coast and the safety of island ecosystem.From the perspective of protecting island ecosystem,the red line of tourism beach protection should be defined in the first line of coast protection and closure depth.