The Newspaper Public And Chinese Modern Higher Education

This article does research on the relationship between the newspaper Public and Chinese modern higher education. From the viewpoint of mass media, this article aims to analyze the development of Chinese higher education, hoping to precisely trace its development and rebuild the concept of Chinese modern higher education.This article has completely confirmed its further content based on its previous relative research. This article probes into the relationship between the newspaper Public and Chinese modern higher education from the following four aspects.First, the relationship between the newpaper Public and the system of Chinese modern higher education. From the newpaper we discuss the changes of Chinese higher education systems, such as the changing patterns from Keju examination to public school, the forming of school principles of Jingshi University, the advocation of moral education in the beginning of republic of China, the abolishment of educational policy focusing on Confucianism, the restructuring of legal and political universities, the discussion of the existence of special universities according to the 1922 educational system, the debate of the reform and improvement of educational systems in Chinese universities, the educational policies during the wars and the reservation or abolishment of mentor system in universities. Through the research on the issues above, we may draw a clear conclusion that the Chinese modern higher education systems have developed over long periods on the basis of eliminating the traditional impact from Keju examination and getting rid of their independence on foreign educational systems. The Newpaper Public offers such a platform for Chinese higher education in terms of publicity, selection and discussion so as to form a broader public space for further educational systems.Second, the relationship between the newpaper Public and the university students in modern China. The newpaper Public depicts university students as patriots, activists fighting for personal rights and against unreasonable rules and regulations as well as some of their disadvantages. Their images as patriots are mainly presented by a large number of reports in the newspaper, such as the anti-Russian movement, proposal of constitutional monarchy, calling on the retraction of road rights, resistance of foreign goods, applying for the commencement of congress, opposing the military agreement of Sino-Japan Cooperation against Enemies, May 4th movement, September 18th event, December 12th movement, students'joining the army and fighting against starvation and civil wars. Their images as personal rights vindicators are mainly presented by some reports about their movements, like protecting their rights of receiving education, opposing rules and regulations violating their personal benefits. Their disadvantages are also mentioned in some other movements and in their daily lives. We may summarize their modern characteristics and developing periods through such presentations, that is, their growth has a very close relationship with the destiny of the country, their subjective consciousness has been strengthen and they are gradually developing to maturity. The newspaper Public pays great attention and gives many pages to shaping the students' images. Meanwhile, it also acts as commentator, hierophant and critic about the students' movements, which consequently plays a leading role in guiding their thoughts in those movements.Third, the relationship between the newspaper Public and the university teachers in modern China. The newspaper Public describes some of their images, such as stragglers who have geat difficulty adapting to new situations, advocators who strongly long for political transforms, employees who depend on others and lose their dignities, mentors who rescue the arrested students, prefer cultural transfers, edit journals and forums to spread cultures but meanwhile neglect their responsibilities and incite various groups. We may witness their evolvement as teachers through the shaping of their roles in the newspaper, that is, gradually concerning about the society, fulfilling their responsibilities while neglecting their obligations at the same time, showing their personalities of being both dependent and independent. The newspaper puts more emphasis on their negative images and pays more attention to reporting and describing their events with strong emotions and also acts as critic and coordinator.Fourth, the relationship between the newspaper Public and the university affairs. The newspaper Public involves a great many university affairs, which are mainly focused on the following aspects:lacking effective management, forming various groups for personal benefits, depending more on others, combination and abruption of universities, construction of studying style, controversy on relationship between literature and reality, discussion on the education during wars, academic freedom as well as employment. Through the discussion and demonstration about university affairs, we may draw a conclusion that universities have gradually defined their own functions, regulated their management patterns, and separated their academic educations from political operations. Through these discussions, the newspaper Public has acted as critcic, inside-teller, advocator seeking for solutions to university problems, as well as platform-provider.In the conclusion part, this article makes further analyse and discussion on the newspaper Public and Chinese modern higher education in a general way.The innovations in this article I hold are as follows:First, this article provides us with a window through which we can research Chinese modern higher education.Second, this article reveals some new historical materials. Such as the seven-day or twelve-day frequency hesitation of the announcement of Jingshi University Principles, the insides of abolishing special universities by the 1922 educational systems, Mr. Cai Yuanpei's attitude towards students'positions, the estimations on Mr. Cai Yuanpei from the mass, some famous presidents suffering from abjections and some totally different situations during the movements agaist starvation and civil war.Third, this article demonstrates the roles that the mass media play in the development of higher education. Mass media offer a platform and form a public space for discussing higher education issues, broaden the communication systems between universities and society. Meanwhile, public opinions also put an impact on the development of higher education. The only regret of this article is that its research on the relationship between the newspaper Public and Chinese modern higher education has not been set in a broader social background in modern China, which requires further efforts in the future research.