Research And Optimization Design Of Thermal Comfort In Children’s Activity Spaces In High-Rise And High-Density Residential Areas In The Central Urban Area Of Chongqing

In the face of the dual pressures of accelerating global climate change and urbanization,the urban heat island effect is constantly intensifying and threatening human health,and the living environment quality of urban residential areas is rapidly declining.Mitigating the urban heat island effect and improving the urban living environment have become hot topics in the field of landscape architecture research in recent years.The high-density residential areas are located in the densely populated core area of the city,and due to land use restrictions in the core area,urban buildings have begun to expand indiscriminately in the vertical space,disrupting the surface energy balance and air convection in local areas of the city,and altering the urban microclimate.The children’s activity space within residential areas is the most frequently used and longest activity venue for children.Due to the influence of urban heat island effects and building layout factors,the thermal environment of children’s activity spaces is generally poor,which has adverse effects on the physical and mental health of children.This thesis takes the thermal environment of children’s activity spaces in high-rise and high-density residential areas in the central urban area of Chongqing as the research carrier.It investigates the winter and summer microclimate and children’s activities in typical highdensity residential areas in the central urban area of Chongqing using on-site testing,questionnaire surveys,and activity observations.The physiological equivalent temperature(PET)is used to evaluate the outdoor thermal environment of children’s activity spaces in high-density residential areas.The dominant factors affecting outdoor thermal comfort for children in high-rise and high-density residential areas and the outdoor thermal benchmark for children are determined.Based on the current thermal environment and the thermal benchmark for children,optimization strategies to improve the outdoor thermal environment of children’s activity spaces are proposed.Some major conclusions were drawn:(1)The typical characteristics of high-rise and high-density residential areas in the central urban area of Chongqing: a plot ratio greater than 2.5,a green coverage rate of 30-35%,a building density of 30-40%,enclosed and point group building layout.(2)Different landscape types have different effects on human thermal comfort,and the thermal comfort of the same landscape type varies in different seasons.In summer,spaces with high vegetation coverage have the highest thermal comfort,while in winter,children’s activity spaces with water bodies regulating the microclimate in the residential area have the highest thermal comfort.(3)Air temperature and wind speed are the main factors affecting children’s thermal comfort in summer,while air temperature and solar radiation intensity are the main factors affecting children’s thermal comfort in winter.Children prefer to play in shaded environments in summer and in sunny environments in winter.(4)The neutral temperatures of children in the central urban area of Chongqing are15.1 ℃(summer),10.5 ℃(winter),and 11.7 ℃(overall),with a neutral temperature range of 8.0 ℃ to 22.3 ℃(summer),4.3 ℃ to 16.8 ℃(winter),and 4.6 ℃ to 18.9 ℃(overall).The comfortable temperature in summer is 16.7 ℃,and in winter is 17.4 ℃.The PET range that more than 80% of children can accept is from 7.2 ℃ to 37.1 ℃.(5)Based on children’s thermal benchmarks and the main meteorological factors affecting children’s thermal comfort,this study proposes optimization design strategies to improve the comfort of different types of children’s activity spaces in different seasons,aiming to create safer and more comfortable activity venues for children.Representative children’s activity spaces are selected for optimization design practices on this basis.