Study On The Layout Optimization Of Rural Settlements In Wangkui County

Rural settlement is not only an important spatial carrier of farmers’production and life,but also the core of the relationship between man and land in rural areas.For a long time,due to the absence of rural planning,rural settlements have problems such as scattered spatial distribution and low land use efficiency,which seriously restricts the development level of farmers’life and production.Therefore,the research on the spatial layout of rural settlements and the exploration of the best optimization scheme are conducive to alleviate the contradiction between people and land,effectively improve the development level of rural settlements,and better realize the strategic requirements of Rural Revitalization.Taking Wangkui County of Heilongjiang Province as the research area,based on the three survey database and socio-economic data,and comprehensively using the methods of spatial analysis,field strength model and set coverage model,based on the analysis of the prominent problems of rural settlements in the research area,and aiming at serving the development of rural industry,this study divides the existing 627 rural settlements into characteristic protection type,suburban integration type,agglomeration promotion type There are five types:renovation and improvement type and relocation and merger type.According to the type of rural residential areas,the layout optimization strategy is put forward and the layout optimization scheme is formulated.The main contents and conclusions of the paper are as follows:(1)Comprehensively identify the current characteristics of rural settlements from two aspects of spatial distribution pattern and internal land use structure,and clarify the main problems of rural settlements in the study area..The results show that the scale of rural settlements in the study area is small,showing the spatial pattern characteristics of"discrete distribution of large-scale rural settlements(33.09～80.95 hm~2)and agglomeration distribution of small-scale rural settlements(0.40～14.71 hm~2)";The internal land use structure of rural settlements in the study area is single,the proportion of land for public service facilities is relatively low,the dominant land type is agricultural production land residential land,and the non dominant land types are quite different.Generally speaking,there are some problems in the rural settlements of Wangkui County,such as small scale,excessive per capita residential land,extensive land use,single internal land use function,incomplete public service facilities and so on.(2)From the perspective of land use function,based on the quantitative analysis of village land use structure,combined with the advantages of village economic development,clarify the development direction of leading industries of administrative villages and divide the development zones of village areas;based on the results of village development zoning,this paper constructs a suitability evaluation system for the layout of rural settlements from the three aspects of production,life and ecology.By assigning different weights to the rural settlements located in different village development zoning,this paper evaluates the suitability of the layout optimization of rural settlements,so as to provide a basis for the optimization type division of rural settlements.The results show that the village development zoning of Wangkui county includes modern agricultural development zone,planting and breeding development zone and urban-rural agricultural tourism comprehensive development zone.The area of modern agriculture is146192.47 hm~2,accounting for 63.11%.The areas of the integrated planting and breeding development zone and the urban-rural Agricultural Tourism Comprehensive Development Zone accounted for 21.08%and 15.81%respectively;The suitability degree of the layout of rural settlements in the study area is mainly low suitability.The number of low suitability rural settlements is 322,accounting for 51.36%,and the number of medium suitability and high suitability rural settlements accounts for 36.84%and 11.80%respectively.The layout suitability of rural settlements presents the distribution characteristics of"high suitable discrete distribution and low suitable agglomeration distribution".(3)Based on the evaluation results of the suitability of the layout of rural settlements,this paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the characteristic resources,evolution direction,agricultural production and service capacity and farmers’living service capacity of rural settlements,according to the idea of maximizing the agricultural production and service capacity and farmers’living service capacity of the minimum number of rural settlements,and the spatial distribution balance of public service facilities,and according to the corresponding relationship of various analysis results,The layout optimization types of rural settlements are divided into five types:characteristic protection type,suburban integration type,agglomeration and upgrading type,improvement type and relocation and merger type.Targeted optimization strategies for the layout of rural settlements are put forward and optimization schemes for the layout of rural settlements are formulated.The results show that the number of suburban integrated rural settlements is 34,with a total area of 484.41 hm~2;There are 38 rural settlements with a total area of 921.34 hm~2;The number of improved rural settlements is 253,with a total area of 5096.71 hm~2;The number of characteristic protected rural settlements is 1,with a total area of 38.69 hm~2;The number of relocated and merged rural settlements is 301,with a total area of 3576.83 hm~2;This paper discusses the optimization measures of different types of rural settlements,and takes the current location of rural settlements of suburban integration type,agglomeration promotion type,renovation improvement type and characteristic protection type as the layout scheme of rural settlements after optimization.This scheme can directly vacate 3576.83 hm~2of land for the study area.