| At present,the problems such as imbalance and incoordination between economic and social development and ecological value in China are prominent.In order to seek the balance between the two,scholars put forward the concept of Gross Ecosystem Product(GEP),which is regarded as the index system of ecosystem assessment,which points out the direction for promoting the transformation from "green water and green mountains" to "Jinshan and Yinshan".This study takes the change of ecosystem value in Yan’an City from 2000 to 2020 as the research object,referring to the accounting methods and evaluation methods of ecosystem gross domestic product at home and abroad.from the ecosystem product supply service,regulation service function,cultural service function,select a number of indicators to build Yan’an ecosystem GDP accounting system.The accounting index system involves 9 small indexes,that is,5 items of ecosystem product supply service value(agricultural product value,forestry product value,animal husbandry product value,fishery product value,water resources product value).Regulation service function value(soil conservation service value,water conservation service value,carbon sequestration and oxygen release service value),cultural service value(leisure tourism value).The market value method,reservoir construction cost substitution method,dredging engineering substitution method,general soil loss equation,landscape rest method and so on are selected to evaluate the three major service function indexes of Yan’an ecosystem in 2000,2005,2010,2015 and 2020,and their change rules are discussed.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The supply and service value of ecosystem products in Yan’an shows a significant increasing trend in time,with an average annual growth rate of34.16%.Spatially,the service function value of ecosystem products in Luochuan County is the highest,which is 14.782 billion yuan.By consulting the relevant data and reports of Yan’an City,the value of agricultural products,forestry products,animal husbandry products,fishery products and water resources products in Yan’an City were selected,and the market value method was used to evaluate the temporal and spatial distribution of the functional value of ecosystem products in Yan’an City.The results show that from2000 to 2020,the functional value of ecosystem products in Yan’an shows a significant growth trend,gradually increasing from 4.368 billion yuan in 2000 to34.172 billion yuan in 2020,with an average annual increment of 1.4902 billion yuan and an average annual growth rate of 34.16%.In terms of the characteristics of spatial change,the functional value of ecosystem products in 13 cities(counties and districts)of Yan’an City showed a steady growth trend in 2000.Among them,the top three were Luochuan County(14.782 billion yuan),Fuxian County(8.95 billion yuan)and Baota District(8.927 billion yuan).(2)The value of ecosystem regulation services in Yan’an has a significant growth trend in time,with a growth rate of 81.44%.Spatially,the ecosystem regulation service function of Fuxian County has the highest value.Using Arc GIS10.7,the remote sensing data of Yan’an City are used to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of ecosystem regulation service function value in Yan’an City through reservoir construction cost substitution method,desilting engineering substitution method and general soil loss equation,and the change characteristics of ecosystem regulation service function value in Yan’an City from2000 to 2020 are analyzed.The results show that,in terms of the characteristics of time change,the functional value of ecosystem regulation services in Yan’an City increased significantly from 2000 to 2020,with an increase of 43.358 billion yuan in 20 years,with a growth rate of 81.44%.In terms of the characteristics of spatial change,the functional value of ecosystem regulation services in Fuxian,Huanglong and Huangling counties ranks in the top three among the 13 cities(counties and districts),while the value of Yanchang County,Yanchuan County and Zichang City is lower.(3)The value of ecosystem cultural services in Yan’an increased at first and then decreased in time.By consulting the statistical yearbook of Yan’an City,selecting the tourism income and the number of tourists in Yan’an City from 2000 to 2020,and using the landscape rest method,this paper evaluates the time change of the functional value of ecosystem cultural services in Yan’an City,and analyzes its change characteristics.The results show that the value of ecosystem cultural services in Yan’an City increased steadily from 2000 to 2020,from 416 million yuan in 2000 to 10.896 billion yuan in 2020,and increased by 10.48 billion yuan / a from 2000 to 2020,with an average annual added value of 2.62 billion yuan / a.(4)The Gross Ecosystem Product in Yan’an City shows a significant growth trend in time.According to the above-mentioned three major service function indexes of Yan’an ecosystem,the value of Yan’an Gross Ecosystem Product is estimated,and the overall time change characteristics of Yan’an Gross Ecosystem Product from2000 to 2020 are analyzed.The results show that the Gross Ecosystem Product of Yan’an City shows a significant growth trend from 2000 to 2020,from 58.02 billion yuan in 2000 to 141.662 billion yuan in 2020,and the annual increase in 2000 is83.642 billion yuan,with an average annual increment of 4.1821 billion yuan.It shows that the ecological protection industry in Yan’an has been systematized and developed on a large scale,which is a major symbol of the progress of social civilization.The analysis shows that under the background of returning farmland to forest,thanks to the implementation of ecological restoration measures and ecological projects,the relevant ecological policies have played a significant role in the value of ecosystem services in Yan’an.We should learn from each other according to the characteristics of the local ecosystem to promote the harmonious development of economy and ecology. |
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