The Impact Of The Implementation Of Ecological Restoration Policies On The Spatial And Temporal Patterns Of Mountains,Rivers,Forests,Fields,Lakes,Grasslands,and Gross Ecosystem Product(GEP)

The concept of the community of life of mountains,water,forests,fields,lakes and grass has important guiding significance for the ecological protection and restoration work in the new era in China,and carrying out the overall protection,systematic restoration and comprehensive management of mountains,water,forests,fields,lakes and grass is an important way to solve the ecological environment problems in China and an inevitable requirement to promote the construction of ecological civilization.The scientific and precise evaluation of the conservation effectiveness of ecological restoration policy implementation and the proposal of targeted prevention and restoration measures are the guarantee for the healthy and coordinated development of social economy and the region,which is also a pressing ecological restoration problem to be solved.This study takes Liupanshui city as the research area,combines the nature of the ecosystem,the structure process and the characteristics of the environmental function,based on the basic concept and theory of the environmental function evaluation and accounting of the ecosystem,the analysis of the landscape,forest,field,lake and grass elements of the ecological system of Liupanshui city and the accounting of the gross value of ecosystem(GEP)in Liupanshui city,which includes the value of environmental services,functional The GEP includes environmental service value,functional service value,and socio-economic service value.Based on the land use data of 2015 and 2020,the spatial and temporal changes of land use,landscape,forest,lake and grass were analyzed based on meteorological data such as precipitation,average temperature,average wind speed,soil data,DEM and NDVI data,etc.The spatial and temporal changes of ecosystem service functions in the study area were evaluated based on the In VEST model and the distribution characteristics of different topographic factors,land use types and vegetation cover.The spatial and temporal changes of ecosystem service functions in the study area were assessed based on the In VEST model,and the distribution characteristics under different topographic factors,land use types and vegetation cover were evaluated.The effectiveness of the ecological protection and restoration project in the Wumeng Mountains from 2015 to 2020 in Liupanshui City was investigated.The main relevant findings are as follows:(1)The total area of various land use types in Liupanshui City showed changes of increase or decrease in different degrees.Among them,the increase and decrease rates of forest land,grassland,arable land and water area were 3.54%,0.89%,-4.6% and 0.07% respectively,and the area of arable land showed a decrease.The area of waters,forest,fields,lakes and grasses on different landforms differed significantly,with the lake element and forest element being higher in non-karst landscapes than in karst landscapes,and the field element,mountain element and grass element being higher in karst landscapes than in non-karst landscapes.Within the implementation area of the ecological restoration project,the growth of lake elements accounted for 21.64% of the growth of lake elements in Liupanshui,the growth of forest elements accounted for 33.75% of the growth of forest elements in Liupanshui,the growth of grass elements accounted for 16.62% of the growth of grass elements in Liupanshui,and the reduction of field elements accounted for14.77% of the reduction of field elements in Liupanshui.(2)The GEP of Liupanshui City in 2015-2020 was obtained by summing up the values of various services,and it was found that the GEP of Liupanshui City in general showed an increasing trend from 2015 to 2020,with a growth rate of 45.81% during this time period;the value of ecosystem regulation services in Liupanshui City from 2015 to 2020 accounted for more than 55% of the GEP,and in addition,the value of ecosystem The value of cultural services increased significantly after the implementation of ecological restoration policy.The added value of the total output value of ecosystems of woodland,grassland,farmland and wetland is 10.056 billion yuan,244 million yuan,111 million yuan and 136 million yuan respectively,with growth of 9.49%,1.28%,0.79% and 29.69% in order.The contribution of forestry activities to GEP within the last 10 years has been large,and the share of forest land value in GEP has been above70%.(3)In 2015-2020,the product supply,soil conservation,water conservation,flood storage,air purification,climate regulation,carbon sequestration and oxygen release,and landscape recreation in Liupanshui increased,while water purification and pest control showed a decrease.2015 and2020 gross ecosystem products in Liupanshui were calculated to be 316.5983 billion yuan and461,633.8 million yuan,with a growth rate of 45.81%.The proportion of various types of regulating service values in the project area of ecological restoration policy implementation is:water connotation > flood storage > climate regulation > soil conservation > pest control > carbon sequestration and oxygen release > air purification > water environment purification,and the increase of regulating service functions in the project area of ecological restoration policy implementation accounts for 36.11% of the increase of regulating service functions in Liupanshui.(4)From 2015 to 2020,the value of service for each service function in Liupanshui City is basically on the rise,and in general,the implementation of ecological restoration policy has an outstanding effect on the protection of ecological environment in Liupanshui City.As can be seen from the results,the amount of water connotation function,the amount of soil conservation function,and the amount of climate regulation function have increased significantly,and the amount of change in water connotation function accounts for 12.46% of the total change in Liupanshui City,and the amount of its value has increased by 497 million yuan.In addition,the value of ecosystem cultural services of protected areas has increased significantly after the implementation of ecological restoration policy;the changes in the value of various regulating services in Liupanshui City from 2015 to 2020 are: water connotation > soil conservation >climate regulation > carbon sequestration and oxygen release > flood storage > air purification >water environment purification > pest control.