Research On The Sustainable Livelihoods Of Nearby Residents Under The Establishment Of National Park System

Residents in park-adjacent communities are important stakeholders,and community development is a major issue that must be faced in the establishment of national parks.National park protection policies may limit the rights of nearby residents to use natural resources and change their traditional lifestyles.However,national parks also bring important opportunities such as ecological protection jobs and franchise operations.Community livelihoods are facing transformation under the new protection policies.The Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park System Pilot Zone is currently actively exploring development paths.With the establishment and reform of relevant management agencies and various laws and regulations,the original policies and plans of each protected area are no longer fully applicable.Some industries are facing restrictions,and the livelihoods of nearby communities are also affected.Based on the SLA framework proposed by DFID,This paper introduces community livelihood capitals and stakeholder analysis to construct livelihood capitals measurement indicators of the nearby households in national parks,and takes Bawangling area,located in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park,as an example to calculate the livelihood capitals and analyze the livelihood strategies.Semistructured interviews,focus group interviews and questionnaire are adopted to investigate different subjects such as national park authority,local governments and enterprises and community households,etc.Entropy method,K-means cluster analysis,variance analysis,correlation analysis,multiple logistic regression and other methods are used to analyze the livelihood capitals,factors that affect livelihood strategies,stakeholder demands and residents’ perception of national parks in Bawangling area.The findings show that the average livelihood capitals of nearby households in Bawangling is 0.3306,which is a relatively low overall level,and six types of livelihood strategies have been formed.In addition,human capital,social capital and nature capital are important factors that affect the livelihood strategies,and the improvement of human capital promote the transformation of agriculture and forestry-oriented to labor-oriented,self-employed business-oriented,and the increase of social capital will promote the transformation of agricultural and forestry-oriented to multiple part-time livelihood strategies.In terms of future livelihood transformation,households have a strong dependence on their original livelihoods,but they have a strong desire to develop diverse livelihoods.Finally,a series of opinions and suggestions are put forward.