| With the proposal of ecological protection and high-quality development strategy in the Yellow River Basin,as well as the Yellow River National Cultural Park strategy,tourism development has played an increasingly important role in the Yellow River Basin.Due to historical and natural constraints,most provinces and regions along the Yellow River have weak social and economic development foundations,and uneven development among different provinces and regions.A-level scenic spots are important tourist destinations,and star rated hotels are an important part of the six elements of tourism.Accelerating the coupling of A-level scenic spots with star rated hotels and promoting the economy through tourism is an important opportunity for the industrial transformation of the Yellow River Basin.The current tourism market has undergone multiple transformations in the short term,such as being hindered,suspended,shrinking,and recovering.How the tourism industry responds to market changes is an urgent issue of the times that needs to be addressed.This paper takes the spatial location of A-level scenic spots and star rated hotels as the starting point,considering the availability of data,selects all A-level scenic spot data from 115 municipal administrative units in nine provinces(autonomous regions)of the Yellow River Basin from 2001 to 2020,as well as all star rated hotel data from 2020.Using methods such as nearest neighbor analysis,nuclear density analysis,standard deviation ellipse,spatial autocorrelation analysis,and coupling coordination analysis,Arc GIS,Geo Da and SPSS software are used comprehensively and comprehensively to study the spatial distribution and coupling coordination characteristics of them,Based on the actual problems faced by the current development of the tourism industry,targeted optimization paths are proposed,and the following conclusions are drawn:(1)The spatial agglomeration characteristics of A-level scenic spots in the Yellow River Basin are obvious,and there is a positive spatial correlation overall.(1)Overall,the southeastern region has a high degree of agglomeration and a certain degree of spatial coupling.(2)On the provincial level,the distribution is uneven across provinces,with Shandong,Sichuan,and Henan having a leading number of scenic spots compared to the other six provinces,while Qinghai,Ningxia,and Shanxi have the lowest total number.(3)In terms of city area,the distribution pattern of nuclear density has roughly formed,with central Shandong as the main core and Xi’an as the secondary core;There is not much difference among provinces and cities in high-level scenic spots,forming a hierarchical aggregation structure centered around Tai’an,Zhengzhou,Xi’an,and Chengdu;There are many low-grade A scenic spots with significant regional differences,forming a dual core driving model with the central region of Shandong Province as the main core and the southern part of Shaanxi Province as the secondary core.(4)More than half of the cities do not have significant spatial correlation,and only all prefecture level cities in Shandong Province,except Heze City,are significant H-H zones;Yinchuan,Yulin,and Zhangye cities are located in significant H-L zones;Qinghai Province,central Gansu Province,southwestern Inner Mongolia,northern Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,and Taiyuan City,Shanxi Province are significant L-L regions;Shangqiu,Heze,and Puyang are significant L-H zones.(2)The spatial agglomeration characteristics of star hotels in the Yellow River Basin are obvious,and there is a positive spatial correlation overall.(1)The overall trend is Shandong Sichuan agglomeration,with relatively concentrated distribution and certain spatial coupling.(2)Provincially,Shandong and Henan have the highest quantity and density,while Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region has the lowest density.Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province have the lowest density.(3)On the municipal level,it is concentrated in the three eastern provinces,southern Sichuan Province,central Qinghai Province,and other regions,forming a multi-core pattern,with Xining,Chengdu,Xi’an,Zhengzhou,Jinan,and Qingdao as the core cities and spreading to the surrounding areas;The five-star hotel has formed a three-level core structure with Chengdu as the main core and Xi’an and Zhengzhou as the secondary core,with "one main and two secondary";Four star hotels exhibit a spatial distribution pattern of "one main hotel with multiple sub hotels" dominated by Chengdu;Three star hotels tend to develop in a continuous manner,with a relatively balanced number among cities;Low star hotels are mostly located in Xining,Shizuishan,and Linfen,forming a "triangle gathering" pattern.(4)Most star rated hotels in cities do not have significant spatial autocorrelation relationships,with Weifang City,Yantai City,Weihai City,and Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as significant H-H zones;Chengdu is a significant H-L district;Baoji City,Shangluo City,and Rizhao City are significant L-H districts;Leshan City,Jiaozuo City,and Anyang City are significant L-L districts.(3)The spatial coordination between A-level scenic spots and star rated hotels is weak,with most areas in a state of severe or moderate imbalance.There is a significant gap in spatial coordination.(1)The coupling degree between cultural scenic spots and star rated hotels is higher than that of natural scenic spots.The cultural scenic spots and star rated hotels in Xi’an and Luohe have reached a high degree of coupling and coordination,and there are no areas with high coupling in natural scenic spots.The moderate and basic coordination areas of natural and cultural scenic spots are roughly the same,both of which have coupling coordination characteristics along the Yellow River.However,most prefecture level cities in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Qinghai,and Sichuan provinces(autonomous regions)far away from the Yellow River are in a serious state of imbalance.(2)Only about 31% of cities have significant spatial autocorrelation in their coupling degree,and the spatial autocorrelation of natural scenic spots is higher than that of cultural scenic spots.(3)At a point scale,there are many star rated hotels around the cultural scenic area,especially within a 1-kilometer radius.The number of star rated hotels is 1.5 times that of natural scenic areas,and the number of hotels in other buffer zones is also greater than that of natural scenic areas.The coordination between A-level scenic spots and star rated hotels is the result of multiple factors working together.This paper analyzes the influencing factors from the perspectives of scenic spot type,scenic spot and tourist scale,travel time,transportation conditions,and economic foundation.Based on the spatial characteristics and coupling coordination analysis results in Chapter 3 and Chapter 4,combined with the analysis of influencing factors in Chapter 5,optimization suggestions are proposed for different cities from the perspectives of nature,culture,and policy.These suggestions provide reference for the planning and layout of A-level scenic spots and star rated hotels,enhance their spatial coordination,and improve their competitiveness and market share,better meet tourist needs,and promote the creation of a world-class Yellow River cultural tourism belt. |
