Influence Of Rural Land Consolidation On The Coupling Relationship Between Farmers’ Well-being And Ecology Under The Constraints Of Resources And Environment

In order to solve the dilemma of land use and development under the constraints of resources and the environment,and to alleviate the contradiction between the public attributes of ecological and environmental resources and the individual economic interests of farmers,the state vigorously promotes the implementation of rural land consolidation,and at the same time vigorously promotes large-scale agricultural production,and guides some farmers to The livelihood strategy is changed from pure farmers to non-agricultural or diversified subsistence farmers,so as to improve farmers’ own development ability,avoid the risks caused by over-reliance on ecosystem services,and then achieve the win-win goal of improving farmers’ well-being and protecting the local ecological environment.In the process of policy implementation,farmers are the most basic decision-making unit of social production and consumption,which reflects the utilization of resources and environment by microeconomic actors,which in turn affects the sustainable development of the ecological environment.Land is the most important economic source and property of farmers,and it is related to farmers’ production and life.Rural land consolidation accumulates and optimizes farmers’ livelihood capital through projects such as land leveling,reclamation,improvement of cultivated land quality,and improvement of village environment,thereby becoming an important driving force for farmers’ livelihood achievements.Upgrading results of farmers’ livelihood strategies based on livelihood capital.Therefore,from the perspective of farmers,this paper takes the rural land consolidation project areas and unconsolidated areas of Baise City and Yulin City in Guangxi as the research area,and selects 557 farmers in 11 administrative villages as the research sample.First,the sample farmers were divided into three groups of data based on the differences in landform types and whether or not to implement rural land consolidation.In addition,the present situation analysis was carried out on the coupling mode of "well-being level-ecological dependence" of farmers,and the spatial differences of farmers’ livelihood capital,total income of farmers’ households and the dependence of farmers’ ecosystem services,and the coupling mode of "well-being level-ecological dependence" of farmers were carried out respectively.comparative study.Finally,using the double-difference model,propensity score matching-double-difference model,and semiparametric double-difference model to measure the net effect of rural land consolidation on the coupling model of "well-being level-ecological dependence" on three sets of data,and further explore its influencing factors with difference.The research conclusions are as follows:(1)The study area has a concentrated distribution of partial livelihood capital at the village level,and spatial differences are coupled with village economic development;in addition,rural land consolidation has a significant positive effect on partial livelihood capital of farm households,and promotes a balanced mix of farm households’ livelihood capital.Rural land consolidation can improve the total income of farmers in some villages,but there is no significant difference in the spatial distribution of most villages.The implementation of rural land consolidation in the karst landform distribution area.If the village area determines its development direction based on the content of rural land consolidation,it will have different effects on the ecosystem service dependence index of farmers;but in the non-karst landform distribution area,its spatial The distribution was basically unchanged.In addition,by comparing the coupling model of “well-being level-ecological dependence” of farmers,the results show that there are obvious differences in the livelihood strategies of farmers under different landform types,and the farmers in the rest of the region mainly have diversified livelihoods;in the karst landform distribution area,the total household income of the farmers after rural land consolidation has increased,while the farmers who are less dependent on ecosystem services have a higher total family income;Compared with other sub-indices,the dependence of the supply and service index of farmers in the survey area is larger.(2)In the karst landform distribution area,compared with the unregulated area,the remediation area has a significant positive impact on the two coupling modes of low well-beinghigh dependence and high well-being-high dependence,while low well-being-low dependence and high well-being-low dependence,both coupling modes have significant negative effects.In the non-karst landform distribution area,compared with the untreated area,the remediation area only has a more significant positive impact on the high well-being-low dependence coupling mode.Under the same land consolidation model,compared with the non-karst landform distribution area,the karst landform distribution area has a significant positive impact on the low-welfare-highdependency coupling mode,while the high-welfare-low-dependency coupling mode has a more significant effect.negative impact.Under the same land consolidation model,compared with the non-karst landform distribution area,more farmers choose the low-welfare-high-dependency coupling model,while the possibility of choosing the high-welfare-low-dependency coupling model decreases.(3)In terms of influencing factors,the improvement of housing conditions,the increase of durable consumer goods and the increase in the proportion of labor force will promote the improvement of the well-being of farmers,while the improvement of rural infrastructure will increase the dependence of farmers on ecosystem services in the karst landform distribution area and non-agricultural environment.The karst landform distribution area has the opposite effect.In addition,in the karst landform distribution area,the increase of cultivated land area will increase the dependence of farmers on ecosystem services,and the increase of productive tools will have the opposite effect.In areas with non-karst landforms,the improvement of cultivated land quality will reduce the well-being of farmers.Under the constraints of different resources and environments,there are certain differences in the impact of land consolidation on farmers with different types of landforms.(4)The policy implementation net effect values of the Difference-in-Differences model and the Propensity Score Matching-Difference in Differences model are relatively similar,the significance is basically consistent with the influencing factors,and the results are robust;in comparison,the Semiparametric Difference-in-Differences model is similar to the Difference-inDifferences model and the Propensity Score Matching-Difference in Differences model have the same significance,but the estimated net effect value of policy implementation is relatively small,the difference is large,and the number of samples lost is large,which is not suitable for data analysis with a small number of samples.Based on the above research conclusions,policy recommendations are put forward: First,continue to promote rural land consolidation.Focusing on realizing the integrated development of primary,secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas,we will promote overall and comprehensive rural land consolidation including agricultural land,rural construction land,and ecological environment restoration and protection.The second is to reasonably guide farmers to obtain the benefits of ecosystem services.Encourage farmers to change from pure farmers to nonagricultural households or farmers with diversified livelihoods,and non-agricultural households or farmers with diversified livelihoods to carry out skills training to improve farmers’ employment and livelihood capabilities.The third is to carry out rural land consolidation according to local conditions.Before implementing rural land consolidation,factors such as topographical conditions,location spatial structure,resource endowments,and industrial characteristics should be fully considered,and rural land consolidation projects should be planned,designed and carried out by analyzing the target orientation,division,and positioning of regional functions.