Spatio-temporal Patterns Of Waterbird Species Diversity In Hengshan Xuanzhou National Wetland Park,Hunan Province

Wetlands is the most bio-diverse ecological landscape in nature and one of the most important living environments for human beings.Wetland has always been a hot-spot of biodiversity research and the quality of wetland ecosystems is closely related with our lives.One of the key biological indicators to evaluate wetland ecosystems is waterbirds in wetland.In China,wetlands are mainly protected by establishing wetland parks and wetland nature reserves.In order to master the waterbirds’ species diversity and spatial and temporal patterns in Xuanzhou National Wetland Park,Hunan Province,from April 2020 to January 2022,the bird resources in the wetland park were systematically investigated by using line splines and point splines.The results are as follows:1.A total of 56 species of water birds belonging to 36 genera,15 families and 7 orders were recorded in Xuanzhou National Wetland Park of Hunan province during the field survey for one and a half years.From the floristic point of view,34 species(60.71%)were dominant in palaearctic realm,11 species(19.64%)in Oriental and 11 species(19.64%)in cosmopolitan.In terms of residence type,there were 30 species of winter migratory birds(53.57%),9 species of summer migratory birds(16.07%),8 species of resident birds(14.29%),and 9 species of tourist birds(16.07%).Migratory birds accounted for 39 species(69.64%),indicating that wetland park was an important breeding and wintering ground for waterbirds.2.Among the 56 species of waterbirds in Xuanzhou National Wetland Park,Hunan province,there were 2 species and 5 species of class I and class II protected animals respectively.There were 8 endangered species,1 endangered species and 1 critically endangered species listed in the Red List of Vertebrates in China,among which ribbed duck was the most abundant(RA=1.93%).3.From the perspective of time distribution pattern,the seasonal dynamic changes of waterbirds in Xuanzhou National Wetland Park were obvious,and the number of birds in overwintering months(December-January)was absolutely dominant.In terms of diversity,autumn(H’=3.560)>winter(H’=3.467)>summer(H’-2.692)>spring(H’=1.527).The calculation results of Pielou evenness index in different seasons showed that the evenness index of birds in autumn was the highest(0.726),indicating that birds were most evenly distributed in autumn.And the evenness index of birds in spring was the lowest,which was significantly different from the other three seasons(0.391).Simpson dominance index from large to small showed that autumn(0.876)>Winter(0.820)>Summer(0.741)>Spring(0.447),indicating that the dominant species in spring had the least obvious dominant position among the four seasons.4.From the perspective of spatial distribution pattern,the main habitats of waterbirds in wetland park were divided into four typical wetland types.And the relative species abundance of different wetland types in the same season showed the change of river>beach>farmland>reservoir.There were 32 species of birds distributed in tideland wetland,25 species in river wetland,21 species in reservoir and 20 species in farmland.Smith similarity analysis and cluster analysis were carried out on bird community structure in four different habitats,and the results showed that the similarity between pond and artificial farmland was the highest.5.There was a significant correlation between species richness and total species richness in each order of waterbirds in wetland park.Anseriformes was the largest taxon among waterbird speices and the most widely distributed and common in the wetland park.In the correlation analysis,the species richness of Anseriformes was highly correlated with total species richness and had a significant influence on the bird species richness in the wetland park.