| As an important part of the wetland ecosystem,the distribution pattern and species diversity of plants determine the characteristics of the wetland ecosystem.It is an important indicator for measuring the structure and function of the wetland ecosystem,and determines the service value of the wetland ecosystem.Qinghai Province has the largest wetland area in China,but Qinghai's wetland ecosystem is very fragile.This article takes Qinghai Huzhu Nanmenxia National Wetland Park as the research object,comprehensively and systematically investigates the type,distribution and habitat status of wild plants in the area,and evaluates the diversity of wild plants in order to protect the wetland resources in the area and to maintain their sustainability.Provide evidence for development.The main findings are as follows:(1)A total of 425 species(including subspecies and their variants and variants)of 63 families and 223 genera of wild vascular plants were investigated in the wetland park.Among them,5 species,5 genera,and 8 genera of ferns,accounting for 7.94% of the total number of vascular plants in the garden,2.24% of the total genera,and 1.89% of the total species;gymnosperms,3 families,5 genera,and 6 species,accounting for The total number of vascular plants in the garden is 4.76%,the total number of genera is 2.24%,and the total number of species is 1.41%.The angiosperms are 55 families,213 genera and 411 species,and the dicotyledons account for 48 families,176 genera and 354 species.The monocots are 7 families,37 genera and 57 species,angiosperms account for 87.30% of total vascular plant families in the garden,95.52% of total genera,and 96.70% of total species.(2)Among the wild vascular plants in Wetland Park,there are 18 single species families,accounting for 28.57% of the total families;24 less species families,accounting for 38.10% of the total families;10 middle families,accounting for 15.87% of the total families;There are 6 major subjects,accounting for 9.52% of the total subjects;5 major subjects,accounting for 7.94% of the total subjects.There are 132 single species,accounting for 59.19% of the total genera;82 rare species,accounting for 36.77% of the total genera;9 large genera,accounting for 4.04% of the total genera;no large genera.(3)There are a total of 217 genera of wild seed plants,belonging to 12 subtypes,of which 112 genera in North Temperate Zone,accounting for 51.38% of the total genera,occupying a large advantage.The 31 genera of temperate zones in the Old World account for 14.22% of the total number of genera.There are 34 genera in the world,accounting for 15.60%.There are 3 genera endemic to China,accounting for 1.35% of the total.(4)There are 345 kinds of herbaceous plants in the wetland park,accounting for 81.18% of the total number of species,which has a large advantage.Among them,there are 110 species of biennial herbs,accounting for 25.88% of the total number of species,and 235 species of perennial herbs,accounting for the total number of species.55.30%.Three species of vines,accounting for 0.71% of the total.There are 6 species of semi-shrubs,accounting for 1.41% of the total species.There are 57 species of shrubs,accounting for 13.41% of the total species.There are 14 species of trees,accounting for 3.29% of the total species.(5)There are 13 kinds of national class II protected plants distributed in the wetland park(Ephedra sinica?Rhodiola rosea?Rhodiola dumulosa?Rhodiola kirilowii?Sinopodophyllum hexandrum?Anisodus tanguticus?Nouelia insignis?Spiranthes sinensis?Coeloglossum viride?Herminium monorchis?Epipactis helleborine?Orchis latifolia?Orchis chusua),belonging to 6 families and 10 genera,accounting for 3.06% of the total species.There are 35 species of seed plants endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the wetland park,belonging to 27 families and 18 genera.There are no invasive species in the park.(6)There are 341 species of medicinal plants in the wetland park,accounting for 80.24% of the total species,belonging to 191 genera of 62 families.There are many ornamental plant resources,with a total of 375 species surveyed,belonging to 57 families and 191 genera,accounting for 88.24% of the total species.There are 58 edible plants in the wetland park,belonging to 15 families and 35 genera,accounting for 13.65% of the total species.There are 15 wood plants,accounting for 4.08% of the total.There are also many kinds of resource plants such as dye plants,spice plants,and drinking tea plants.(7)There is a big difference in the plant diversity index in the garden,and the local diversity is low.(8)The vegetation types of Nanmenxia National Wetland Park are mainly divided into 4 types: forest vegetation,shrub meadow vegetation,alpine meadow and alpine marsh meadow vegetation.(9)For wetland plant areas such as tidal flats,swamps,thickets,and sparse forests in the park,forest and grass vegetation can be appropriately restored through enclosure measures,especially on the banks of Qital River and Chabaxia Gorge.Nurture area. |
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