| Wetland is the most abundant biodiversity ecological environment system in nature,is one of the most important human living environment and ecosystem.As an important part of natural protection area in Dingcheng District of Hunan Province,Niaoerzhou National Wetland Park has an important impact on climate change,economic development and human living environment in Dingcheng District,and plays an important role in maintaining ecosystem balance,maintaining biodiversity and wetland habitat security in Dingcheng District.Through the study of Niaoerzhou National Wetland Park,it can promote the construction of ecological civilization in Dingcheng District,promote the construction of ecological wetland in Dingcheng District,and promote the sustainable development of ecological tourism industry in Dingcheng District.At the same time,it can provide reference for the construction of wetland parks in Changde City and other cities.In this study,Niaoerzhou National Wetland Park was selected as the research object.Through consulting and sorting out relevant literature,the wetland,wetland park,wetland plants and wetland plant landscape have been fully recognized.Therefore,based on the related concepts of wetland park,the plant diversity and plant community landscape of wetland park were studied in depth on the basis of plant ecology,landscape ecology,psychophysics and other theories.By using the SBE method and plant diversity survey method,the present situation and landscape characteristics of plant diversity in wetland parks were explored.The conclusions are as follows:(1)A total of 249 vascular plants belonging to 93 families and 193 genera were found in Niaoerzhou National Wetland Park.Oligophyceae and polyphyceae have the largest number of plants.The dominant families are Gramineae,Asteraceae,Polygonaceae,Rosaceae and Fabaceae.The dominant genera are Persicaria,Rumex,Najas and Phyllostachys.Vascular plant species account for about 1/3 of vascular plant species in Dongting Lake wetland ecological zone,indicating that wetland parks have abundant plant species.The flora of seed plants in wetland parks can be divided into 11 distribution types,and the genera of seed plants can be divided into 14 distribution types and 10 deformations.According to the distribution of climatic properties of seed plant families and genera,the tropical flora of seed plants in Niaoerzhou National Wetland Park is obviously distributed with temperate components.(2)The plant sources of wetland parks are mainly native plants,accounting for about 50%of the native plants in Changde City.Vascular plants can be divided into 12 life forms according to the classification of plant life forms.Plant ecological adaptation types can be divided into three types:mesophytes,hygrophytes and aquatic plants,with the most mesophytes.The ornamental characteristics of plants in wetland parks are mainly flowers,leaves,fruits and ornamental plants.The species of ornamental plants are mainly herbaceous plants.The ornamental seasons are concentrated in spring,summer and autumn.There are few ornamental plants in winter.The configuration mode of vegetation types in Niaoerzhou National Wetland Park is diverse.Niaoerzhou National Wetland Park can be divided into 4 vegetation groups,11 vegetation types and 27 groups according to wetland vegetation.Four vegetation types are coniferous forest,broad-leaved forest,grass,shallow water plants,11 vegetation types are warm coniferous forest,deciduous broad-leaved forest,evergreen broad-leaved forest,bamboo forest,grass type,weeds,deciduous broad-leaved shrubs,floating plants,floating plants,emergent plants,submerged plants.(3)The results of the quantitative characteristics of plant communities showed that the important values of tree layer were 0.27～20.04,shrub layer were 0.45～35.85,herb layer were 0.14～8.79 and aquatic plants were 0.61～13.73.Species richness index ranged from 0.720 to 7.431,species diversity index ranged from 0.252 to 3.413,ecological dominance index ranged from 0.783 to 0.980,and species evenness index ranged from 0.059 to 0.574.The dominant species in the tree layer of the plant community in the wetland park are Broussonetia papyrifera and Morus alba.The dominant species in the small tree and shrub layer are Broussonetia papyrifera and Jasminum nudiflorum.The dominant species in the herb layer are Torilis scabra and Phragmites australis.The dominant species of aquatic plants are Nelumbo nucifera and Lemna minor.Among the plant species diversity in different regions,the herb layer species richness reached the highest value in the Shachao River sightseeing area,the aquatic plant species richness reached the highest value in the wetland ecological tourism area,the tree layer species richness reached the highest value in the Shachao River sightseeing area,and the shrub layer species richness reached the highest value in the Niu’er Lake conservation area.(4)Through the correlation analysis in SPSS,the linear regression equation between plant landscape factors and SBE values was established.The results showed that plant species diversity,color diversity,ornamental characteristics diversity,wild interest degree,and environmental coordination degree were positively correlated with plant landscape beauty,and the significant values were 0.037,0.033,0.048,0.000,0.001,respectively,Sig<0.05,which had a positive significant impact on beauty.The landscape green vision rate was negatively correlated with the beauty of plant landscape,and the visibility value was 0.043,Sig<0.05,which had a reverse significant influence on the beauty of landscape.Finally,according to the regression standard coefficient,the equation is established:SBE=-1.804+0.036X1-0.021X2+0.038X3+0.036X5+0.168X6+0.089X8(X1 plant species diversity,X2 landscape green vision,X3 color diversity,X5 ornamental characteristics diversity,X6 wild interest,X8 and environmental coordination)(5)According to the evaluation results of plant community landscape in Niaoerzhou National Wetland Park,it is concluded that there are few types of ornamental plants and insufficient ornamental characteristics in wetland parks.Although Niaoerzhou National Wetland Park is rich in native plant species,many native plant species lack ornamental characteristics.The seasonal problem of plant community landscape in wetland parks is obvious.The contribution rate of plant color diversity to landscape beauty is insufficient,and the single color has a great influence on the landscape beauty of wetland parks.In the plant community,the proportion of trees,shrubs and grasses is unreasonable,the tree layer plant species is too single,the lack of evergreen trees and shrubs,resulting in insufficient stability of the plant community.Therefore,it is necessary to optimize the plant community configuration mode,increase evergreen trees and shrubs,increase colored-leaf trees and winter ornamental plants,so as to improve the plant landscape quality of wetland parks. |
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