Birds Diversity And Spatio-temporal Dynamics In Changchun Beihu National Wetland Park

Wetland is a transitional terrain between land system and water system,which is rich in species diversity.Urban wetland park is an important ecological function area to maintain the biodiversity of urban ecosystem.At present,with the rapid development of urbanization in China,bird resources and biodiversity in the region and even the whole country have been significantly affected.Therefore,the urban wetland park is of great significance to the protection of bird resources in urban areas while considering the recreation and entertainment functions of citizens in the urban planning and construction.Changchun North Lake National Wetland Park is a large functional compound wetland park in Changchun,which is a National AAAA Tourist Attraction,the author performed one-year research and investigation to North Lake National Wetland Park of Changchun Jilin from September 2018 to August 2019,which includes the birds species,quantity,species diversity and avian community composition of seasonal dynamic study.The main findings are as follows:(1)A total of 6002 birds were recorded in this survey,belonging to 101 species of 15 orders,34 families,and passeriformes,accounting for 78% of the dominant group of bird resources in Changchun North Lake National Wetland Park.Among them,there are 25 species of resident birds,62 species of summer migrants,5 species of winter migrants and 9 species of traveling birds.There are 6 species of Oriental birds,78 species of palaearctic birds and 17 species of widespread birds.There are 81 species of birds under third-level state protection,6 species were listed in the "China Endangered Red Book"(Aves),and 13 species in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora(CITES)appendices Ⅱ.(2)In this study,Shannon Wiener(H ’)diversity index,Pielou(J’)evenness index,Simpson(DOM)dominance index and Margalef(SR)richness index were used to analyze the biodiversity of four habitats and seasons.In the four seasons,the autumn has the highest number of birds,the summer take second place.Winter birds community SR index(4.69)was significantly lower than the total index of SR and other seasonal index of SR,winter birds Simpson(Dom)diversity index(0.09)is significantly higher than other seasons and Dom of total community diversity index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H’)(2.82)was significantly lower than other.seasons and total community diversity index H’,changchun bayhood wetland park winter bird community community species is a kind of low,and the number of relatively higher percentage.(3)The research which based on field condition divided the Changchun North Lake National Wetland Park into the four habitats including wetland habitat,woodland habitat,green habitat office and living area,the woodland habitat four quarters has the most bird species in four quarters,the total quantity is 3970.Bird Quantity changes trend among the biotic environments is woodland habitat > wetland habitat > office living area > green habitat.In every biotic environment,the species of birds is the lowest in winter.The highest SR index of woodland in spring is 10.26,autumn take second place which is 9.83,next is summer,it is 8.29,winter index is the minimum of 4.39.The bird SR diversity index of Woodland habitat is higher than other habitats for the four quarters.(4)Based on the above research results,this paper analyzes the bird resource status,the diversity index of bird community in different seasons and habitats of Changchun Beihu National Wetland Park,and concludes that the forest landscape pattern of the wetland park is more suitable for the habitat of ornithidae and ornithidae;the wetland landscape pattern is good for the conservation of small waterfowl.Based on the analysis of bird community diversity,it is concluded that the number of birds is the most in summer and autumn,the most in spring and autumn,and the least in winter.In spring,summer and autumn,community diversity is high,complexity is high,species distribution is uniform and structure is stable;in winter,community structure is single,dominance is small and species distribution is uneven.