Research On Landscape Pattern And Plant Diversity Of Bailong River National Wetland Park In Guizhou

Regional and even global climate change and the deterioration of the living environment have an important response to wetland resources,and the change of wetland plant diversity directly affects the change of landscape pattern,so it is particularly important to study and protect wetland plant diversity.Studying the characteristics of landscape pattern and plant diversity of wetland parks in typical karst areas can provide theoretical references for plant diversity protection and wetland ecological restoration within the range of wetlands.This study takes the Bailong River(and the Dumu River in Jiancheng Township Section)National Wetland Park in Guiding County of the Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Southeastern Guizhou,which is located in a typical karst region,as the research object.The area is divided into landscape types,and the characteristics of the landscape pattern in each landscape type are analyzed;then two survey samples are laid along the banks of the Bailong River,and typical sample plots are selected based on the landscape types in the study area and radiate outward along the samples.Set up sample plots and conduct field plant surveys on the basis of sample plot selection,study the characteristics of plant communities and plant diversity in Bailong River National Wetland Park,and propose improvements for the future landscape pattern optimization and plant diversity protection of Bailong River National Wetland Park.Intuitive references and suggestions.The layout of sample plots is mainly based on landscape types and plant life forms.Landscape types mainly include farmland landscape,woodland landscape,residential area landscape,road landscape,river bank landscape and reservoir bank landscape,etc.Plant life forms mainly include trees,shrubs,herbs,etc.Among them,the size of the arbor plot is10×10m,the shrub plot is 5×5m,and the herb plot is 1×1m.Based on the plant diversity survey,RS and GIS technology are used to extract and analyze the landscape pattern characteristics in the study area.Then discuss the characteristics of plant diversity in the wetland park and its response to the characteristics of the landscape pattern,and provide references for the ecological protection and restoration,plant diversity maintenance and protection of the Bailong River National Wetland Park in Guiding County.The main findings are as follows:The analysis results of landscape component structure show that the highest proportion of each landscape type is farmland landscape,followed by farmland landscape 51.81%,woodland landscape 35.25%,river bank landscape 8.25%,road landscape 1.25%,residential area landscape 2.33%and reservoir bank Landscape 1.11%.The results of different landscape types show that the Shannon's Diversity Index,Shannon's Evenness Index,Patch Richness can reflect the characteristics of landscape diversity in the study area;Largest Patch Index ranks among them Therefore,woodland landscape> farmland landscape> river bank landscape> reservoir bank landscape> residential area landscape> road landscape,reflecting the dominant position of woodland landscape and farmland landscape in the wetland park;Edge Density further reflects the pattern of various landscape types Block shape features,the edge density index is ranked as farmland landscape> riverside landscape> woodland landscape> road landscape>residential area landscape> reservoir bank landscape.Bailong River National Wetland Park is located in mountainous areas,and the mountainous terrain is more complex,so the residential landscape and reservoir The edge density of the shore landscape is small,and it is greatly disturbed by human activities,and the patch shape is relatively regular.Comprehensive analysis shows that the fragmentation degree of road landscape and residential area landscape is relatively high,while the fragmentation degree of reservoir bank landscape and river bank landscape is relatively small,mainly due to the fact that the study area is located in a typical karst area and the wetland park is affected by the mountain topography,while the river bank landscape is less fragmented.The continuity of patches in the landscape is better.The survey results show that there are 78 families,167 genera and 188species(including variants,variants,etc.)of surveyed plants in the Bailong River National Wetland Park Research Area,including 42 families,95 genera and 106 species of herbs,40 species of shrubs,28 species of trees,and 14 species of vines.Species;herbaceous plants can better reflect the characteristics of species.The dominant families are Compositae(20genera and 22 species),Gramineae(15 genera and 17 species),Rosaceae(10 genera and 13 species),and legumes(8 genera and 9 species),Lamiaceae(6 genera and 8 species),Umbelliferae(4 genera and 5 species),Scrophulariaceae(4 genera and 5 species),Moraceae(4 genera and 5species).Among them,the leguminous family contains the most growth types,including deciduous trees,evergreen shrubs,one-two-year herbs,perennial herbs,and woody vines;among the investigated plants,the oneand two-year-old crabgrass(Gramineae)has the highest importance value,reaching 8.2500.In terms of plant diversity and richness,the Margalef index of woodland landscape is the highest,and is much higher than other landscape types,while the Margalef index of residential landscape is the lowest;Shannon-Wiener index is the highest in woodland landscape.Followed by road landscape,river landscape,residential area landscape,farmland landscape and reservoir landscape,the difference between them is not significant;the Simpson index has the highest woodland landscape and the lowest reservoir landscape;the Pielou index has the highest road landscape and the lowest farmland landscape.It can be seen that the number of plants in the woodland landscape and road landscape is more abundant,the key plant species are significant,the dominance is large,and the unknown factors in the community are also the most.