A Comparative Study Of The Reporting Framework Of COVID-19 And SARS In People's Daily

Since the beginning of the 21st century,public health emergencies have occurred not only in the world,but also with the development of social economy and the improvement of conditions,the increase of cross-border and cross-regional mobility of personnel,the frequent movement of population,and the aggravation of the risk of epidemic spread,which is easy to trigger the global epidemic spread.This has aroused the strong reaction of the whole society,not only pay more attention to the topic of life safety and physical health,but also pay great attention to the spread of epidemic information in the media and its influence on the public.Therefore,how the mainstream media report public emergencies is an important subject worth studying.From the perspective of the framework theory of news reporting,this paper compares and analyzes the similarities and differences between the two public health emergencies reported by People's Daily,and master the evolution process of the mainstream media reporting strategy on public health emergencies represented by the people's Daily.On the one hand,the mainstream media,represented by the people's Daily,not only propagate the mainstream ideology and national policy of our country,but also are important media for mass information dissemination,and play an important role in the news front.It is an important mission of the mainstream media in our country to follow up and report public health events correctly,timely,efficiently and transparently,to transmit information on the epidemic situation to the public,to popularize the basic knowledge of the epidemic situation,to reflect the fight against the epidemic situation,to guide the public and so on,in order to prevent the spread of the epidemic,to eliminate rumors,to reduce social panic,and to encourage people to unite and overcome the virus.On the other hand,the mainstream media,represented by the People's Daily,are not only constantly adjusting the views,contents and construction methods of news reports,but also constantly improving the reporting strategies of public health emergencies.SARS and COVID-19 two public health emergencies not only spread a wide range,but also have an important impact on people's lives and health,as well as social,economic and political life,and even global regional politics.The comparative analysis of the reporting framework of the two public health events in People's Daily is of great significance to grasp the evolution process and causes of the reporting strategy of the mainstream media in China.This paper summarizes the research results of news reporting framework at home and abroad.Guye Tachman thinks that news is a framework,and the framework is the strategy used to construct news discourse.The significance of news report lies in the discourse construction of media text,which is subject to the control process of news discourse system.News discourse not only simply records social reality,but also actively constructs social reality,and discourse construction can affect people's analysis and thinking of real society.Frame theory originated in western countries in the late 1970s,but the concept of frame can be traced back to the three elements of communication put forward by British anthropologist Gregory Bateson in the theory of game and fantasy published in 1955.Canadian sociologist Owen Goffman(Erving Goffman)first introduced the concept of framework from psychology to social science in 1974,which attracted wide attention in the field of mass communication.The term framework can be understood from the two levels of "boundary" and "architecture".The former emphasizes the combination of information and text within a limited range,while the latter emphasizes the use of building knowledge maps to guide people to understand the world.A professor(Scheufele)framework analysis at the University of Wisconsin belongs to discourse analysis.Zang Guoren,a Taiwanese scholar,divides the framework of news reporting into three levels:high,medium and low,each of which plays a different role.There is a close relationship between the framework and the guidance of public opinion.Although the media can not completely control the ideas of the audience,it can control what the audience thinks.It can guide the audience's cognition of news events by controlling the quantity and key content of communication.This paper is divided into three chapters,from the news reports of high,medium and low three levels of structure to compare and analyze the "People's Daily" of SARS and COVID-19 two public health emergencies reported strategies to explore the similarities and differences between the two reports.Chapter I,according to the high-level structure reported by People's Daily,the report of COVID-19 is more reasonable than that of SARS,and the report of COVID-19 has five characteristics.First,the intervention epidemic situation reports the time early,the report frequency is high.Second,from epidemic information blockade to information disclosure.Third,the epidemic situation report content is richer.Fourth,the epidemic situation report evolves from positive guidance to rational thinking.Fifth,emphasize overall planning and balanced reporting.Chapter ?,according to the middle-level structure of the People's Daily report,there are two obvious differences between the COVID-19 report and the SARS report.First,the proportion of news and communication reports in the epidemic report of COVID-19 decreased,while the proportion of special interview and comment reports increased,the COVID-19 epidemic report is more in-depth.Second,in the COVID-19 epidemic report,the proportion of articles from Xinhua News Agency has increased greatly,and their own manuscripts have been greatly reduced,indicating that the COVID-19 epidemic report pays more attention to the authoritative and professional sources of the report.Chapter III,from the low-level structure of the report,the people's Daily's report on the SARS epidemic has both similarities and differences with the discourse expression of the COVID-19 epidemic report.First of all,the high frequency of the two reports of keyword differences,in the SARS epidemic report,frequent 'release' 'report 'and other words,the epidemic report imbalance phenomenon is serious.In the report of COVID-19,'epidemic situation','prevention and control','pneumonia','safety','confidence' and 'isolation'frequently appear,which reflects the openness of the information report of the epidemic situation,and the report of the epidemic situation is more rational.Secondly,the tone of the report has both similarities and differences.The tone of the two reports was basically neutral,both positive news events.There are differences between the two epidemic reports on negative news events.In the SARS epidemic report,the negative news events are reported positively,and in the COVID-19 epidemic report,the negative news events are reported rationally.The analysis of the three levels shows that the People's Daily's report on public health events has changed from information blockade to information disclosure,from positive reporting to rational guidance,with content and deeper coverage,and more emphasis on the authority and professionalism of the sources of reporting.