Simulation Research On Emergency Evacuation Of Large Public Buildings Considering Crowd Characteristics

With the development of social economy,large-scale public buildings have become an indispensable part of human life,and safety accidents caused by crowd gathering in buildings occur frequently.If a fire or other emergency occurs suddenly,especially in some large public buildings with complex internal facilities and closed space,the crowd needs to evacuate to the safe area quickly and orderly,otherwise the consequences will be unimaginable.How to improve the evacuation efficiency,shorten the evacuation time,and strive for more valuable time for rescue workers are the key issues to be considered in emergency evacuation.Generally speaking,there are two types of emergency evacuation simulation methods: evacuation exercise and computer-based evacuation simulation.Evacuation exercise is a more reliable method and the result is more realistic.However,it is difficult to use this time-consuming and labor-consuming method to simulate evacuation and track the behavior and trajectory of evacuees.In addition,the evacuation behavior is quite complex and may be different even in the same scene,which greatly affects the selection of evacuation route,evacuation time and efficiency.Therefore,the evacuation simulation method based on computer simulation is selected in this study,and the emergency evacuation simulation is carried out with the software of AnyLogic.This paper describes the research status of crowd evacuation at home and abroad,based on theoretical research,analyzes the characteristics of large-scale public building emergencies.According to the types of emergencies,the characteristics of emergency evacuation of large public buildings are summarized.This paper explores the factors that affect the efficiency of emergency evacuation,and summarizes the main factors,which are objective environmental factors and micro individual factors.After that,this paper deeply studies the influence of pedestrian companionship behavior,bottleneck competition behavior and the existence of obstacles on the evacuation process,and establishes a simulation model for analysis and optimization.Based on the social force model,the evacuation model of large-scale public buildings with pedestrian characteristics is established by using the software of AnyLogic.Finally,taking a large shopping center as an example,the evacuation simulation experiment is carried out,and the problems in the evacuation process are found.Aiming at the existing problems,the corresponding improvement measures are proposed.The results of this paper can provide fast and effective data validation and decision support for evacuation drill and emergency rescue of large-scale public buildings,and provide useful reference for improving emergency response capacity.