Diversity Of Macrofungi In Tomur National Nature Reserve And Molecular Systematics Of Important Taxa

Tomur National Nature Reserve is located in wensu county,Aksu,China,bordering Tajikistan and belonging to the middle Tianshan Mountains,which is an important part of the species exchange bridge between Siberia,pamirs,and Kunlun Mountains.Due to its special geographical location and climatic conditions,it breeds extremely rich and unique biological resources.As an important part of biological resources,macrofungi resources have attracted extensive attention in recent years because of their potential edible and medical value,ecological value and huge potential of exploiting bioactive substances.Accurate understanding of species resources is the basic guarantee for resource exploitation and utilization.However,the long-term lack of understanding and classification status of macrofungi resources seriously restricts the effective protection and utilization of macrofungi resources in this area.From september 2019 to october2021,the comprehensive and systematic investigation of the macrofungi resources distributed was conducted by author in Tomur National Nature Reserve.The species diversity,floristic diversity,and molecular systematics of important groups of macrofungi was studied based on traditional morphology and molecular biology.The purpose was to clarify the status of macrofungi resources and provide theoretical basis for later conservation and utilization.The study results of species diversity showed that a total of 862 specimens were collected in Tomur National Nature Reserve.205 species were identified,belonging to 2 phyla,4 classes,14 orders,50 families,115 genera.Among them,there are 1 phylum,2 classes,2 orders,7 families,12 genera,26 species of ascomycetes.Basidiomycetes include 1 phylum,2 classes,12 orders,43 families,103 genera,179 species.1 species were identified and described as new taxon,Tricholoma tianshanense Z.X.Zhao,J.G.Song & B.Xu sp.nov.,and a new recorded species Tricholomopsis sulphureoides(Peck)Singer from China,and 15 new recorded species in Xinjiang were found.The study results of floristic diversity showed that there were 7 dominant families in the Tomur National Nature Reserve,which were Polyporaceae,Agaricaceae,Strophariaceae,Tricholomataceae,Inocybaceae,Cortinariaceae and Psathyrellaceae,accounting for 14% of all families.The dominant families included 45 genera and 99 species of macrofungi,accounting for 48.29% of all species.Among them,the Tricholomataceae has the largest number of species,including 7 genera and 18 species,followed by Agaricaceae,including 10 genera and 17 species.The 8 dominant genera in the area are Helvella,Trametes,Hebeloma,Agaricus,Pholiota,Melanoleuca,Inocybe,Cortinarius,accounted for 6.96% of all genera,and contained 46 species,accounting for 22.44% of all species.Cortinarius was the most abundant with 10 species,followed by Helvella and Melanoleuca with 6 species.The distribution of macrofungi in Tomur National Nature Reserve was mainly distributed in the world wide distribution genus and temperate distribution genus,accounting for 79.13%.Other genera,such as tropical-subtropical genera,pan-tropical genera and so on,account for 20.87%,and are also important components of the geographical distribution of macrofungi in the Tomur National Nature Reserve.The results also indicated that the unique geographical location,climate type and vegetation characteristics is suitable for the growth of macrofungi.The study results of molecular systematics showed that phylogenetic trees based on ITS sequence was constructed for 53 generalized Inocybe samples collected from Tomur National Nature Reserve.It was found clearly that the main groups in the reserve were Inocybe,Inosperma,Pseudosperma and Mallocybe.Phylogenetic trees of the corresponding genera were constructed and analyzed.I.involuta,I.geophylla,I.subpaleacea,I.cervicolor,M.substraminipes,P.rimosum were identified in combination with morphological studies.The systematics relationship of generalized Inocybe was preliminarily established,the distribution groups was clarified in Tomur National Nature Reserve,as well as some unknown species of generalized Inocybe distributed in the Reserve,which need to be further explored.The study results of resource evaluation showed that there were 45 species of edible fungi,35 species of medicinal fungi and 35 species of poisonous mushrooms in Tomur National Nature Reserve.Edible fungi include Sarcodon imbricatus and so on.Medicinal fungi include Fomitopsis pinicola,Phellinus igniarius and so on.There are various types of toadstool action.The acute liver and kidney damage types include Lepiota brunneoincarnata,Galerina marginata and so on.The neuropsychiatric type include Gyromitra infula and so on;The gastroenteritis types include Hygrocybe conica,and so on.According to the preliminary assessment of threat status,some species iincluding Gyromitra sphaerospora,Ganoderma applanatum are threatened to some extent,but the overall threat level is not high in Tomur National Nature Reserve.