Investigation And Research On Vegetation And Seed Plant Diversity Of Tianzhu Mountain

Dabie mountain area is one of the important biodiversity centers in China,and is also one of the hot spots in the survey of plant resources.However,previous plant resource surveys were mainly concentrated in Tiantangzhai,Yaoluoping,Ma Zongling and other places in the hinterland of Dabie Mountain.Tianzhu mountain is seated in southeast corner of Dabie mountain area,which is a north-south mountain with long history and complicated origin.However,due to various reasons such as history,society and geography,the research on biodiversity of Tianzhu Mountain is still very limited.This research was based on a more in-depth investigation and research on the status quo of Tianzhu Mountain's plant resources.This research conducted a more in-depth investigation and research on the current situation of Tianzhu Mountain's plant resources,mainly including the species composition and flora analysis of seed plants,the status of rare and endangered plant resources,vegetation types and community dominant species analysis,etc.The main research results are as follows:1?According to the survey and statistics(including literature records),there were1117 species of seed plants belonged to 575 genera,139 families(among them including60 cultivated species);Gymnosperms: 22 specie,14 genera,5 families(among them including 11 cultivated species),Angiosperms: 1092 species,559 genera,134families(among them including 49 cultivated species).The flora of Tianzhu mountain exhibits the following characteristics.Firstly,the composition was still quite rich.There were 1057 species of wild seed plants,belonging to 130 families and 539 genera;The number of seed plants accounted for 89.6%,66.2% and 63.7% of the family,genus and species of seed plants in Dabie Mountain area,accounting for 79.7%,60.0% and 42.3% of the family,genus and species of seed plants in Anhui province.Secondly,the flora is ancient in origin,and fortunately much more ancient families and genera were well preserved,such as Magnoliaceae,Hamamelidaceae,Schisandraceae,Araliaceae,Fagaceae,Juglandaceae,Ulmaceae,Theaceae,Aquifoliaceae,etc.Thirdly,the transition trend of the flora was obvious.The temperate and tropical components were 63.69% and 36.31%,respectively.Among the temperate components,the main components were North temperate and East Asian,accounting for 25.52% and 16.39% of the total respectively.Finally,there were 4 families endemic to East Asia in the wild seed plants of Tianzhu mountain,that is,Cephalotaxaceae,Actinidiaceae,Stachyuraceae and Cornaceae.There were 7 genera belonging to the endemic type in China,accounting for 1.45% percent of the non-global genera and 3.27% percent of the endemic genera in China.2?Tianzhu Mountain now has 57 species of rare and endangered plants in 27 families,44 genera,6 species were cultivated species,and 51 species were distributed in wild populations.One critically endangered species,two endangered species,one vulnerable species and three near-endangered species were listed in IUCN.One critically endangered species,three endangered species,eight vulnerable species and seventeen near-endangered species were included in China Red List of Biodiversity(Higher Plants Volume)Assessment Report.The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Animals and Plants(CITES)Appendix(2013)collects 20 species.Seven species of rare and endangered plants were listed in the List of Rare and Endangered Plants in China(first batch,1984).The list of rare and endangered plants in China(2010)includes eight species of rare and endangered plants.Eight species of rare plants were included in the Red Book of Chinese Plants(volume 1,1991).The List of Wild Plants Under State Key Protection(batch I)? includes one species of state grade I key protection plant(Ginkgo biloba,cultivated),seven species of state grade II key protection plant(3 species are cultivated and 4 species are wild).23 species of plants under state key protection were included in the List of Wild Plants under State Key Protection(second batch,discussion draft).3? There were various typical mid-subtropical mountain forest vegetation types developed in the Tianzhu Mountain area.It is the northernmost boundary of the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest distribution,and it is also an interlaced area of evergreen broad-leaved forest and temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest.After several degrees of deforestation and the impact of long-term human economic activities,evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forests often exist in scattered patches.Thus the existing vegetation mainly consists of coniferous forests,coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests and bamboo forests,which accounted for 88.86% of the total vegetation area.Broadleaf forest(mainly deciduous)and crop vegetation accounted for only 4.06%and 4.61% of the total vegetation area,respectively.It displayed obviously vertical zonal character.Below 750 m above sea level,it is mainly composed of agricultural reclamation area and economic forests.The main vegetation is artificial bamboo forest,Pinus massoniana forest and Cunninghamia lanceolata forest.Southern slope at an altitude of750-1200 m mainly consists of Pinus taiwanensis coniferous forest.The regions above more than 1200 m was made up with mixed forests of coniferous and broad-leaved coniferous forests dominated by Pinus taiwanensis,Acer davidii subsp.grosseri,Lindera obtusiloba,Corylopsis sinensis and Quercus stewardii.The northern sunny slope at an altitude of 750-1100 m is still mainly composed of Pinus taiwanensis coniferous forest.With the increasing of altitude,some main species,such as Litsea elongata,Fortunearia sinensis and Dalbergia hupeana,tends to increase gradually,which later develops into mixed needle and broad leaves;The main deciduous broad-leaved forests or shrubs at more than 1100 m are Sorbus alnifolia,Stewartia sinensis,Weigela japonica,Magnolia sieboldii and Corylopsis sinensis.The southern slope of the mountain peak is still dominated by coniferous forest of Pinus taiwanensis,while the shrubs of Rhododendron maculiferum,Buxus sinica and Magnolia sieboldii were mainly distributed in the northern area.4?The Jaccard similarity coefficient analysis results of natural forests,secondary forests and plantations showed that the secondary forest plots are the most similar to the plantation plots in terms of species composition similarity.The Jaccard similarity coefficient is 0.4805,followed by natural forest plots and secondary forest plots.,The Jaccard similarity coefficient is 0.2974,and the natural forest plots and plantation plots had the least species composition similarity,and the Jaccard similarity coefficient is0.1933.Biodiversity analysis results showed that the alpha diversity index of the secondary forest arbor layer is higher than that of natural forest and plantation forest,and the alpha diversity index of the arbor layer of artificial forest is lower than that of natural forest and secondary forest.The Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index of the shrub layer showed that the secondary forest was higher than the natural forest and plantation forest;the ? diversity index of the herb layer was higher than that of the natural forest and the secondary forest.In conclusion,the plant resources of Tianzhu mountain were rich in species diversity,with obvious antiquity,transition and uniqueness of plant flora,rich vegetation types and rare communities,abundant rare and endangered protected plants and ancient trees.However,the destruction of natural native vegetation was serious,and the core scenic area overlaps with the areas with high biodiversity protection value,which increases the difficulty and effectiveness of biodiversity protection.It is suggested that local government and forest park workers should continue to carry out scientific research and monitoring activities related to biodiversity protection,further rationally program scenic spots and protected areas,establish special biodiversity protection institutions and strengthen community condominium,further promote the publicity and education of biodiversity protection and improve the operational ability of administrative staff.