| Crop straw is an important agricultural by-product and an important organic biomass resource.Intensive,efficient,and comprehensive utilization of straw resources not only helps alleviate the pressure of traditional energy sources and protect the rural living environment,but also helps solve the problem of human and animal competition for grain,maintain soil fertility and raise farmers' income levels.At present,the utilization of straw resources in China is mainly based on fertilizer and feed,supplemented by energy,raw materials and base materials.The national comprehensive utilization rate of straw reached more than 83%.But in some areas the relative surplus of straw and open burning is still common.How to use rural straw resources scientifically and efficiently and expand the positive effects of the utilization of straw resources has become a common concern of the government,society and academics.Based on this,it is significant to evaluate the comprehensive effects of the utilization of straw resources in rural China.This article firstly estimates the availability of straw resources in China.Based on this,a comprehensive effect evaluation system for straw resource utilization is established based on the DPSIR model.The comprehensive effects of straw resource utilization in 30 provinces and cities(excluding Tibet)nationwide are evaluated and compared,then patterns are classified according to the use of straw,finally suggestions are given based on the identified key indicators.The main conclusions of this article are as follows:Firstly,China has abundant straw resources.In 2018,the theoretical resources of crop straws were 834.5033 million tons,and the utilizable quantity was 671.8592 million tons.The average density of straw resources in China is 40,500 tons / ha,and the per capita share of straw resources is 481.09 kg.The straw resources in the middle area are relatively abundant,and the resource density and per capita occupation are relatively large.Secondly,the human's response measures like financial input,primary level management and project construction can best reflect and affect the comprehensive effect of straw resource utilization.Among the specific indicators,several indicators have a significant influence on the comprehensive effects of the utilization of straw resources,including the number of biogas projects that process agricultural waste,the amount of gas produced in rural biogas digesters,the amount ofstraw resources available,the number of grass-fed livestock,the per capita energy consumption in rural areas,and the number of rural energy management and popularization agencies.Thirdly,the overall effect level of straw resource utilization in China is not high,in different regions there are spatial differences in the utilization effects.The provinces can be divided into five grades: there are 5 regions in high level,3 regions in higher level,8 regions in medium level,11 regions in lower level,and 3in low level.The comprehensive effect levels of straw resource utilization in the three major zones are: central> west> east.Fourthly,provinces can be divided into seven modes according to the utilization of straw resources,the modes of using straw resources in different provinces and regions have differences and certain convergence.The areas with straw resource utilization level of medium and above adopt RPS(response-pressure-state)mode or PR(pressure-response)mode.The utilization modes of straw resource utilization level below the medium level are diverse and immature.According to the identification of key indicators,it is possible to improve the comprehensive effect level of straw resource utilization by promoting its utilization for energy and feed,choosing different development models for regions with different levels of straw resources,strengthening grassroots management and promoting institution construction. |
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