Emerging Process Of Chinese Landscape:Based On Augustin Berque's Landscape Culture Theory

With the Landscape Architecture in China expand from gardening towards a boarder scope of subject research,the fundamental system of landscape research require improvement under such background.As two equally important parts of study,the current focus of subject is on the entity garden which provide physical boundary.However,a broad sense of “landscape” which contain human living environment and nature environment was underestimated.This article is aiming to takes traditional theoretical landscape architecture history as the foundation and “Landscape” as the content,discuss the new research aspect for further research and theoretical study.Landscape as an object existing with the facet of naturalized along with a cultural characteristic.An artistic and aesthetic process was necessary in the transform of nature to landscape.This process is how landscape emerging through history.Different from Garden history research,Augustin Berque elaborated a more embedded historical and philosophical studies,and provides six standards that could prove the emerging concept of landscape in a culture.Follow the critical theory which culture of landscape first appeared in China in the fourth century.And this article will be based on Augustin Berque's opinion of emerging landscape culture,combines the study of historical literature and classic books.To clarify the development of ancient Chinese landscape culture from pre-Qin to Wei,Jin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties.Moreover,try to explain the cultural trait through such process.In the first section,Augustin Berque's theory will be summarized and analysed,in order to clarify the epistemological basis of landscape related concepts and philosophical attributes of landscape.The second section will combine with general pattern of cultural emergence,transmission and evolution,and through the study of historical documents.Providing the evidences for the standards raised by Augustin Berque.The third section focus on the historical and regional perspective of landscape.Analyzing the geographical development process and characteristics of landscape in the ancient China.The last section discusses the religious relations and natural concepts of scenic cultural stratum,this paper probes into the cultural characteristics of the appearance of Chinese landscape through the comparison with western perspective in same era.