Study On The Impact Of The Economic Environment Of The Transformation Of Evacuation Mode Of Imported Iron Ore Under "Road To Railway" Policy

Because of the large output of crude steel in China,and the large reserves of iron ore but the poor quality,China has imported iron ore for a long time to make up the gap between supply and demand.In 2017,it imported 1.08 billion tons of iron ore.Moreover,more than 90%of the iron ore in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is still sparsely ported,and it is still high-emission and high-energy road transportation,This unreasonable transportation structure cannot meet the requirements for reducing transportation emissions and controlling environmental pollution.In order to improve comprehensive transportation efficiency,reduce logistics costs,and control motor vehicle emissions,the State Council has successively issued the "Three-Year Action Plan to Win the Blue Sky Defence Warfare" and the "Three-year Action Plan to Promote Transportation Structure Adjustment(2018-2020)",It is pointed out that before the heating season,bulk cargoes such as ores from the main coastal ports,Tangshan Port and Huanghua Port were mainly changed to railway or waterway transport in principle.At the end of April 2017,"Tianjin Port" banned all automobile coal including diesel vehicles and natural gas trucks from entering the port,setting off the beginning of "Road to Railway”.In this context,in view of the existing problems of excess capacity in the existing steel industry,irrational transportation structure,and air pollution control,This article uses a single-target approach and innovatively uses carbon taxes to convert carbon dioxide generated by ships,diesel trucks,natural gas trucks,and trains into economic costs during the entire process of imported iron ore transportation,construct a transportation model that minimizes the combined cost of transportation cost and carbon cost.Finally,taking the Bohai Rim region as an example,and taking the transportation structure adjustment "Road to Railway",steel industry capacity adjustment,energy structure adjustment and railway transportation price adjustment as the main lines,designing "Road to Railway","natural gas truck transition","railway-river intermodal"and other 12 scenarios,the LINGO software is used to solve the optimal transportation plan for imported iron ore under" Road to Railway",so as to explore the impact of "Road to Railway" on the transportation cost and carbon emissions of imported iron ore,and from a quantitative point of view to evaluate the effect of the "Road to Railway" policy.The results show that the best transportation plan for imported iron ore under different transportation scenarios is different.From the perspective of economic cost,the" Road to Railway" is indeed a feasible measure that can reduce the overall cost of society.From an environmental point of view,accelerating the development of combined transportation,especially "railway-river combined transportation",can help reduce carbon emissions and promote pollution control.The adjustment of the capacity structure of the steel industry can effectively reduce transportation costs and carbon emissions.Regarding the adjustment of the energy structure,natural gas trucks play an important role in clean road transportation.Finally,a proper reduction in railway freight prices can effectively reduce transportation costs,carbon costs,and overall social costs.