Study On Evaluation, Convergence And Influencing Factors Of Agricultural Eco-Efficiency In Major Grain Production Areas Of China

Agriculture is a basic industry for China's economic development,and it plays an important role in ensuring people's livelihood,social stability,and economic operation.Since the reform and opening up,China's agricultural development has made remarkable achievements.However,while the agricultural economy is developing rapidly,it is also facing a series of ecological and environmental problems:resource shortage,decline in the quality of cultivated land,and pollution emissions.The report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out that it is necessary to form an industrial structure,production methods and lifestyles for resource conservation and ecological environmental protection in order to promote high-quality economic development.As an effective tool to measure the high-quality development of agricultural economy,agricultural efficiency is related to the green and sustainable development of agriculture.However,traditional agricultural efficiency only focuses on the economic output of agriculture,often ignoring the ecological and environmental factors that are closely linked to the agricultural production process,and fails to reflect the true performance of agricultural economic growth.Therefore,considering the ecological environment factors,the agricultural ecological efficiency has become an important indicator to measure the coordinated development of agricultural economy and ecological environment.As an important base for China's grain production,the main grain production area has a pivotal position in ensuring grain security and social stability.However,while maintaining a steady increase in grain output,China's main grain-producing regions are also facing a deteriorating agricultural ecological environment,and there are obvious gaps in agricultural development between regions,which hinders the high-quality development of the agricultural economy.Therefore,agro-ecological efficiency considering eco-environmental factors is of great significance for understanding the agricultural production status of China's main grain-producing regions,narrowing the gap in agricultural economic development between regions,and promoting agricultural economic growth and sustainable development of the ecological environment.First,based on the economic growth theory,total factor productivity theory and sustainable development theory,construct an indicator system for agricultural eco-efficiency evaluation,use panel data from 2008 to 2017,and apply the SBM-Undesirable model that takes into account undesirable output factors.Comprehensive evaluation of agricultural eco-efficiency in China's main grain-producing regions,through the analysis of the overall characteristics,regional differences and inter-provincial differences of agricultural eco-efficiency in China's main grain-producing regions,understand the current status of agricultural eco-efficiency in China's main grain-producing regions.The results show that:first,whether the traditional agricultural efficiency value and the agro-ecological efficiency value of the main grain production areas of China are considered to be 0.893 and 0.746,respectively;and second,the two agricultural efficiencies have three identical evolutions in the time change trend At this stage,it experienced a trend of declining first-then slowly rising-then rapidly rising.Third,after considering the undesirable output,the three major regions showed a decline in agricultural eco-efficiency compared with traditional agricultural efficiency,and overall showed a decline-The "W" form of rising-falling-rising;Fourth,the traditional agricultural efficiency and agro-ecological efficiency of each province showed a medium-high level and a medium-low level,respectively,and the ranking of the two efficiencies in each province also changed accordingly.Secondly,based on the theory of economic convergence,using convergence methods and dynamic analysis of growth distribution to study the convergence and dynamic evolution of the agricultural eco-efficiency gap in the main grain-producing regions of China.The results show that:first,there is no ? convergence in the overall agricultural production efficiency of China's main grain-producing regions,the Yellow River and the Yangtze River Basin,but there is ? convergence in the Songhua River Basin;Convergence,and there is no absolute ? convergence in the Yangtze River Basin;third,there is conditional ?convergence in the whole and the three maj or river basins;Fourth,the nuclear density curve of agricultural ecological efficiency generally shows a form shifted to the right,which is caused by "double peaks" It develops into a "single peak" and the height of the peak is generally on the rise.Thirdly,using spatial measurement to test the spatial correlation of agricultural ecological efficiency in China's main grain producing areas,the SDM model based on the geographic distance spatial weight matrix identifies the key factors affecting agricultural ecological efficiency.The test results show that:first,the agro-ecological efficiency of the major provinces of China's grain-producing regions as a whole has a positive global spatial autocorrelation relationship;second,the agro-ecological efficiency of each province is mostly distributed in the quadrant I(high agro-ecological efficiency-High spatial lag type H-H)and the third quadrant(low agricultural ecological efficiency-low spatial lag type L-L);third,geospatial factors have a significant positive impact on the agricultural ecological efficiency of China's main grain-producing regions,inter-provincial agriculture Ecological efficiency is spatially dependent;Fourth,rural residents 'per capita net income and agricultural ecological efficiency show a" U-shaped" relationship;Fifth,agricultural disaster rate,industrialization level,industrial agglomeration,and planting structure have reduced agriculture in China's main grain-producing regions.The level of ecological efficiency,while the level of fiscal support for agriculture,environmental regulations,urban-rural income gaps,and agricultural price policies have a positive impact on the agricultural ecological efficiency of China's major grain-producing regions but have not played a significant role.Finally,it puts forward policy recommendations to improve the agricultural ecological efficiency of China's main grain-producing regions:speed up agricultural technology promotion,establish an agricultural ecological environment pollution monitoring system;respect regional differences in agricultural ecological efficiency levels,promote interregional exchanges and cooperation;adopt differentiated agriculture Measures to improve ecological efficiency and improve the level of financial support for agriculture;transform agricultural production methods and increase support for rural areas and farmers;improve agricultural subsidy policies and strengthen subsidies for production practices that are consistent with green and sustainable development.