Optimal Allocation Of Water Resources In Qaidam Basin

Qaidam Basin is located in the northwest inland arid area,with scarce precipitation,dry climate and lack of water resources.However,with the development of social economy,the demand for water is increasing,but the supply of water resources is short,so the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is becoming increasingly prominent.Based on the available water resources and water resources in seven administrative regions of Qaidam Basin,the supply and demand analysis and optimal allocation are carried out,and the countermeasures and measures for sustainable development and utilization of water resources are put forward.The main research results are as follows.(1)The supply-demand balance analysis and optimal allocation based on available water resources have been completed.Current situation(2015)supply and demand analysis found that only Lenghu is short of water.Based on the current project water supply capacity,the first supply and demand balance analysis of 2020 and 2030 was conducted.The results show that under the current project water supply conditions,all administrative districts except Wulan are facing different degrees of water shortage.Secondary supply of 2020 and 2030 was carried out on the basis of current project plus planning project plus reclaimed water supply.The results show that in 2020,except Delingha and Mangai,there will be no water shortage or very little water shortage in other administrative regions,but for 2030,except for Geermu and Dachaidan,there will be different water shortage degrees in other administrative regions.Aiming at maximizing economic benefits and minimizing water shortage,the objective function of multi-objective optimal allocation is established and optimized allocation of water resources was carried out.Based on the optimal allocation,three optimal allocation schemes are set up for each administrative region according to the principle of increasing water supply,and solved by genetic algorithm.The results show that in the process of increasing water supply,the water shortage rate of the whole research area decreases,and the satisfaction degree of agricultural and industrial water use increases.(2)The supply-demand balance analysis and optimal allocation based on available water resources have been completed.In the process of calculating available water resources,the ecological water demand of each region is calculated by using hydrological methods(Tennant method,minimum monthly runoff method,minimum monthly flow method and average monthly flow guarantee rate method),and the result of minimum monthly flow method(3.145 billion m3)is selected as the minimum ecological water demand of the study area.The total amount of water resources available in the whole research area is 2.143 billion m3 by inversion method,of which 1.117 billion m3 is calculated by discarding coefficient method,and 1.734 billion m3 of exploitable groundwater and 1.212 billion m3 of repeated quantity are calculated by exploiting coefficient method.Based on the calculation of available water resources,the balance analysis of supply and demand is carried out.The results show that except for Delingha,there is a certain amount of residual water in other areas of 2020 and 2030.On the basis of the balance analysis of supply and demand based on available water resources,the optimal allocation of available water resources is carried out.The results show that except Delingha,the available water resources of all administrative districts meet their water needs.(3)In view of the problems existing in the development and utilization of water resources in the study area,such as lack of water resources,low degree of water resources development and utilization,large agricultural water demand,small economic benefit and difficulty in estimating ecological water demand,the countermeasures and measures for sustainable development and utilization of water resources are put forward,such as strengthening water-saving consciousness,building a water-saving society,strengthening water resources management and trans-basin water transfer.