The Impact Of Technological Progress On The Employment Of Manufacturing Labor

Since the 1990 s,China's manufacturing industry has developed rapidly.As the world's largest manufacturing country,China's progress and development are inseparable from the supporting role of manufacturing.At the same time,the manufacturing industry is the core industry for the development of urbanization and employment in China.With the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry,how can China's manufacturing industry balance the “destructive effect” and “compensation effect” of its technological advancement on its employment,and can make technological progress based on the impact of employment on technological progress? And the double guarantee of employment is a problem worthy of our careful study.Analysis of the relationship between technological progress and employment in China's manufacturing industry can help us better plan the relevant policies for the development of the manufacturing industry,and lay a theoretical foundation for China to further develop the manufacturing industry and build China into a manufacturing power.At the same time,under the background of economic transformation and upgrading and structural reform,the research industry that takes into account the technological progress and employment of manufacturing industry has strong practical significance.Based on the theory of technological progress and employment in classical economics,this paper constructs the transmission mechanism of technological progress affecting employment.Analyze how technological advancement affects employment from both a business and an industrial perspective.Technological progress has a “destructive effect” and “compensation effect” on employment.On the one hand,there is a preference for technological progress to replace the labor force,and on the other hand,it compensates for employment in promoting the development of related industries and overall social progress.At the same time,with the optimization of the industry,the employment structure also tends to use more highly skilled labor.Therefore,it is proposed whether the technological progress can be decomposed to obtain the decomposition item of different employment effects.While theoretically analyzing the relationship between manufacturing technology advancement and employment,this paper sorts out the characteristics of China's manufacturing technology advancement and employment changes.By analyzing the situation of R&D personnel in China's manufacturing industry,internal expenditures of R&D funds and external introduction of technology,we can understand the current situation and predicament of technological innovation in China's manufacturing industry.By analyzing the changes in labor demand and supply and labor skill in China's manufacturing industry,this paper analyzes the characteristics of China's manufacturing industry in terms of total employment and employment structure.By analyzing the characteristics of China's manufacturing technology and employment,this paper uses the Malmquist index method to calculate the total factor productivity and its decomposition items of 15 industries in China's manufacturing industry from 2007 to 2016,and finds that the efficiency of China's manufacturing technology is not high.The contribution of progress to the growth of manufacturing scale is only 13.97%.At the same time,the technological progress of China's manufacturing industry fluctuated greatly,and negative growth occurred in many years.This shows that China's manufacturing industry has great potential for technological advancement.The transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry through technological advancement is its future development direction.After the panel data empirical analysis of the technological progress and its decomposition items on the impact of China's manufacturing employment and employment structure.This paper finds that total factor productivity is negatively correlated with total employment.The increase in total factor productivity will increase the proportion of high-skilled labor and employment,and will widen the wage income gap between it and low-skilled labor.The improvement of the technological change of the factorization of total factor productivity will increase the total employment of labor and reduce the wage gap between high-skilled labor and low-skilled labor.