| China now is transforming from traditional bold agriculture towards modern precision agriculture,and variable rate technology is the key to implement precision agriculture.Variable rate fertilization is a worldwide trend in scientific fertilization nowadays and has become one of this century’s most popular technologies in agriculture,because it’s scientifically reasonable and reliable and also comes with high production rate and good quality,not to mention the efficiency.Variable rate fertilization can effectively reduce pollution,production cost as well as increase crop’s quality and quantity,which is both economically and environmentally friendly,and of great strategic significance in modern agriculture.However most of the rural areas in China still broadcast sowing manually which has low efficiency.Variable rate fertilization has been developing rapidly since the 1990s,many developed countries have produced different kinds of variable rate fertilizer applicators.A variable rate fertilization system usually has navigation,soil sampling,generating electronic map,figuring operation record and other functions,but it costs too much,and its actual effect is strongly affected by the specific soil and working condition.In recent years,China has made significant achievements in making variable rate fertilization prescription and deciding proper ratio of fertilizer,but the main technological format is not that different from those of other countries.Also the achievements are mainly used in scientific research fields other than actual agriculture activities especially in rural areas because of the high cost and complexity.Agriculture activities in southern rural areas are usually carried in the unit of a household,and the fields caring skills differs among different units,also the fields area per unit is small and the fertility condition per unit is relatively homogeneous.The key actual problems are determining the target fertilization amount of individual natural field and achieving the fertilization uniformity of individual natural field.From the analysis above,the construction scheme and implementation of variable rate fertilization electronic prescription map based on the yield potential and target yield is introduced,developing an electronic prescription map software system which can guide the variable rate fertilizing machine operation,also can automatically determine the operating field target fertilization,achieving the variable rate fertilization in different natural fields and the uniform fertilization in single natural field.Details are listed as follows.(1)Construction of the e-map based on natural field:Through a long time of cultivation,fields of different units have formed natural boundaries,which can be regard as irregular polygons to identify the geographical locations of different fields,and record the longitude and latitude coordinates of irregular polygons’ peak with a high precision GPS,and the e-map based on natural field is acquired(2)Design of positioning algorithm based on natural field:Take the single natural field as the working unit of variable fertility,and identify the natural field through the algorithm of angle summation.In actual application,the positioning of natural field can be performed by an ordinary precision GPS with the help of the already established e-map.(3)Construction of the database based on the yield potential of natural fields:In rural areas,the soil fertility status of adjacent fields in the same area by different operators may be quite different,leading to the different yield potentials.Yield potential is a comprehensive reflection of the fertility status of fields,based on the years of farming,the farmers have a better understanding of the yield potential of their own farms,through the investigation of farmer natural field yield potential,we can establish the database based on natural field yield potential.(4)Fertilization strategy based on target yield:Based on the long-term practice,agricultural authorities and related agricultural science and technology sector summary up the understood and accepted corresponding relationship between the target yield and fertilization.In this paper,using this corresponding relationship to construct the fertilization strategies which based on the target yield,and combining with the natural field yield potential data,to provide target fertilization data.(5)Construction of the variable rate fertilization electronic prescription software system:Based on the e-map of natural field,positioning algorithm of natural field,database of yield potential and fertilization strategy of target yield,constructing an electronic prescription map software system of variable rate fertilization.In this paper,developing a simple disguise variable rate fertilization prescription map software system based on Android,which can communicate between the serial communication and the hardware device via Bluetooth,so as to achieve the function to record field information and send the control of variable rate fertilization information.(6)Field performance testing.Install the electronic prescription map of variable rate fertilization app on an android phone and run the performance test.The app can finish the positioning of the natural field with the ordinary precision GPS module,and provide the goal fertility information through the phone’s blue tooth to the hardware equipment with a blue tooth module,and at the same time receive the working information from the hardware equipment.The record was saved as the field variable fertility data file.Results showed that:The variable rate fertilization electronic prescription map software system based on yield potential and target yield mentioned in this paper can effectively identify the location information of the field,and give the right target fertilization with the embedded fertilization strategy according to the yield potential and yield target of the operation field,which realize the process of variable rate fertilization with natural field being its processing unit,and also suitable for the use of China’s rural retail. |
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