A Study On The Relationship Between Near Work And Poor Eyesight In Primary And Middle School Students And The Preventive Countermeasures

ObjectiveIn the past few decades,many countries in the world have studied students' vision and related factors,many studies have shown that poor eyesight of Chinese students is grim.In 2014 a survey showed that the detection rate of myopia in Tianjin students is 66.3%.The purpose of this study is to describe the eyesight situation of the students in Tianjin,to compare poor eyesight prevalence of students across different ages and genders,through questionnaire survey investigation to analysize the near work,the distance,duration,position of primary and middle school students,to explore the relationship between near work and poor eyesight.So as to find feasible ways to prevent poor eyesight.MethodsThere were totally 5 primary and middle schools selected from Tianjin by using random sampling method.Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to select 2092 students in these schools.All students were examined by visual acuity test,and all the students had taken part in a questionnaire survey.The questionnaire included the following aspects: the student's basic information,such as name,gender,date of birth;students near work,such as reading and writing distance and near work habits.All data were input by EpiData 3.1 and analyzed by SPSS 20.0.Defining P<0.05 to have statistical significance.ResultsThere were 2092 research objects in total.Boys and girls accounted for 50.0% and 50.0%.The detection rate of poor eyesight among children and adolescents in Tianjin was 59.8%,the detection rate of mild visual acuity was 9.3%,the detection rate of moderate visual acuity was 20.2%,and the detection rate of severe visual acuity was 30.4%.Among them,the detection rate of severe visual was the highest.The detection rate of poor eyesight increased with age(c2=275.076,P<0.001),and the rise of detection rate in 10-13 years old was most obvious.The detection rate of poor eyesight in girls was 64.9%,the detection rate of poor eyesight in boys was 54.8%,the difference has statistical significance(c2=22.351,P<0.001).86.7% of primary and middle school students keep less than 30 cm away from books when reading and writting,the average daily reading and writing time is 4.9(2.8,8.1)hours,30.6% of the students' posture are not correct in reading and writing.About 85.0% of the students using mobile phone,83.6% of the students keep less than 30 cm away from the screen when using the mobile phone,58.2% of the students' using time are more than 0.5h,about 27.7% of the students' posture are uncorrect in using mobile phone.About 56.9% of the students using ipad,78.6% of the students keep less than 30 cm away from the screen when using ipad,29.2% of the students' using time are more than 0.5h,about 29.3% of the students' posture are uncorrect in using ipad.About 64.2% of the students using computer,59.4% of the students keep less than 50 cm away from the screen when using computer,23.4% of the students' using time are more than 0.5h,about 5.8% of the students' posture are uncorrect in using computer.75.6% of students work continuously for more than half an hour,and about 40.7% of the students have a habit of using electronic products in a dark environment.Univariate analysis showed that students' reading and writing posture(c2=28.541,P<0.001),reading and writing time(Z=3.616,P<0.001),reading and writing distance(c2=20.590,P=0.968),using mobile phone(c2=20.083,P<0.001),using mobile phone posture(c2=13.772,P<0.001),using mobile phone distance(c2=10.026,P<0.05),using mobile phone time(c2=45.623,P<0.001),using ipad(c2=8.353,P<0.05),using ipad distance(c2=8.569,P<0.05),using computer(c2=3.928,P<0.05),near work duration(c2=31.315,P<0.001),using electronic products in a dark environment(c2=31.109,P<0.001)were related to poor eyesight;Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of poor eyesight of the students are:(1)reading and writing distance;(2)using mobile phone time;(3)reading and writing time.Conclusion(1)In 2016,the detection rate of poor eyesight in primary and middle school students in Tianjin was 59.8%.(2)The vast majority of primary and middle school students had a bad habit in near work,such as reading and writing time for too long,reading and writing posture is uncorrect.(3)Near work is a risk factor for poor eyesight in primary and middle school students in Tianjin,reading and writing time,using mobile phone time and reading and writing distance are deserved to be attention.It is urgent to carry out corresponding prevention measures to improve the eyesight of students in Tianjin.