The Study On The Factors That Influence The Degree Of Poor Eyesight In Primary And Middle School Students And The Preventive Countermeasures

Objective:As one of the common diseases of children and adolescents,poor eyesight which is the most common cause of visual impairment in the population belongs to the global public health problems,the situation of Chinese adolescents'poor eyesight is extremely serious.In 2014,the physical investigation in China showed that the detection rate of myopia in Tianjin was as high as 66.3%.Targeted intervention in primary and secondary schools was imminent.Through surveys to investigate the prevalence and distribution characteristics of poor eyesight among primary and secondary school students in Tianjin,the similarities and differences of influencing factors of poor eyesight among primary and secondary school students,this study eventual y provides targeted intervention strategies for primary and secondary school students with varying degrees of poor eyesight.This study has practical significance in effectively preventing the poor eyesight of varying degrees.Methods:The subjects were several classes which were randomly selected from three primary schools and two secondary schools in two representative districts of Tianjin,a total of 2081 people were included in this study by random Multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method.All students'visual examination were implemented by professionals using the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart and all students should fill in the questionnaire“the questionnaire of students'visual situation in Tianjin”.All data was double-entered with EpiData3.1 and analyzed by SPSS 20.0 statistical software.The statistical methods included statistical description,chi-square test,Logistic regression analysis of two categories and Kappa consistency test.Results:The subjects had a total rate of poor eyesight of 54%(1123/2081),the mildly,moderately and severely poor eyesight were 10.7%,19.5%and 23.8%respectively.The rate of male poor eyesight was 50.2%,which was better than the rate of female poor eyesight(58.1%),the difference was statistical y significant(?~2=13.013,P=0.000).With the increase of grade,the proportion of students with normal visual acuity and those with mildly poor eyesight decreased,while those with moderately and severely poor eyesight showed an upward trend with a statistical y significant difference(?~2=428.174,P=0.000).The factors which caused mildly poor eyesight of primary and secondary students include the education level of the mother which were usual y high school and college.The factors which caused moderately poor eyesight include five aspects:the gender is female,the grade is increased,the only child,his or her father has poor eyesight and sometimes read and write in direct sunlight.The factors which caused severely poor eyesight include four aspects:the gender is female,the grade is increased,his or her father has poor eyesight and his or her mother has poor eyesight.The protective factor includes the distance between the book and the eyes when reading and writing is more than 30cm.The family factors which caused mildly poor eyesight of the primary students in low grade include two aspects:the gender is female and the education level of his or her mother is high school or college.The factors of near work include using electronic products in dark environment and using computers.The family factors which caused moderately poor eyesight include two aspects:the gender is female and his or her father is poor eyesight.The family factors which caused severely poor eyesight include his or her father is poor eyesight.The factor caused severely poor eyesight of near work is using electronic products in dark environment.The family factors which caused mildly poor eyesight of the primary students in high grade is the distance of using electronic products is sometimes and usual y limited by parents.The family factors which caused moderately poor eyesight is his or her father's poor eyesight.The factors of near work include reading books in direct sunlight The family factors which caused severely poor eyesight include his or her father is poor eyesight and his or her mother is poor eyesight.The risk factors of near work is using telephone,the protective factor is the distance between the book and the eyes when reading and writing is more than 30cm.The factor of personal behavior habit is usual y eating sweets.The family factors which caused mildly poor eyesight of the secondary students is the tilting angle of the head in writing is less than thirty degrees The family factors which caused moderately poor eyesight is the gender is female and his or her father has poor eyesight.The factors of near work is the time of continuous reading and writing is more than one hour.The family factors which caused severely poor eyesight is his or her father or mother less poor eyesight,the protective factor is the distance between books and eyes is between twenty and thirty centimetres.The Kappa coefficient of self-reported visual acuity and visual acuity test for primary students in low grade,in high grade and secondary students was 0.363,0.604and 0.630 respectively.Conclusions:1.In 2016,the problem of poor eyesight among primary and secondary school students in Tianjin was still severe,with a large proportion of moderately and severely poor eyesight.2.The influencing factors of the degree of poor eyesight of primary and middle school students are different,and the corresponding risk factors should be paid enough attention.3.The influencing factors of poor eyesight of different grades and different visual acuity are different,and interventions should be taken from four aspects:family,near work,personal behavior habits and self-awareness.