Investigation Of The Occupational Stress And The Social Support Of Second-Child Pregnant Nurses

BackgroundEver since the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee approved two children for every couple(Two-Child policy),many provinces implemented this policy.With the reform of policy and the change of people's thinking,more and more families choose to have a second child.Everthing has its two sides,while encouraging birth enthusiasm,the promotion of this policy also caused occupational stress in women,income,housing,children's education,cost of raising children,medical service and other problems.Facing with people's urgent desire for fertility,how can we reduce the the contradictions brought about by the birth of second children,that we can no pressure to respond to the second child policy,become substantial problems for government and related industries.Female dominated nursing team is no exception,a growing number of nurses choose to have the second child.However,they will bear greater pressure than others.During pregnancy,while shouldering their heavy work,they have to pay attention to physical and mental health of themselves and their fetus.Besides they have to bear family responsibilities and pressure of raising the first child.In addition,with the progress of society,public have higher awareness of health and rights as well as higher requirements on quality of care services,which also increase the difficulty of the work for second-child pregnant nurses.Internal requirements and external demand increases their work pressure,which will affect their physical and mental health,enthusiasm,efficiency and quality of their work,even affect the normal fetal growth and lead to miscarriage,premature birth or stillbirth.Therefore,attentions were paid to the working stressor and level of pressure of chinese nurses.Only through comprehensive and scientific research evaluation can we reduce occupational stress for second-child pregnant nurses accordingly.However,there is no study in this aspect in our country.How to assess occupational stress qualitatively and quantitatively is the problem needing to be solved firstly,and the focus of related researches.CNSS(Chinese Nurses Stressor Scale)developed in China in 2000,with good validity included nursing professional and occupational stress,time allocation and workload,working environment and equipment,patient care,management and interpersonal relations and other stress.This sources scale are suitable for investigating the occupational stress and the assessing work pressure of second-child pregnant nurses.Our research,with this sources scale as a measuring appliance,study the work pressure of second-child pregnant nurses and provide the theoretical basis for building a stable,human-centered professional care team.According to the pressure and support specific mode,different pressures require different social support.Social support as an intermediation,affects the occupational stress and mental health.Sound social support can release the individual pressure,promote individual physical and mental health,and reduce negative effects of stimulating stressor.Individual with sound social support can reduce impact of stress event caused by bearing the second child,give timely and effective response and reduce or eliminate the stress as much as possible.Currently,SSRS(Social Support Rating Scale)designed by Xiao Shuiyuan e.g.all.is largely used in measuring social support level of individuals.This study use the survey tool which is suitable for national conditions of china to analysis the influences of general informations on occupational stress and social support of second-child pregnant nurses.It explores the correlation between their occupational stress and social support so as to put forward effective measures accordingly and to improve their level of mental health,to guarante their work quality and to ease relations between doctors and patients.ObjectiveTo investigate the occupational stress and the social support of second-child pregnant nurses,to analyze the general information about the occupational stress and the influence of social support level of them.To explore the relation between their occupational stress and their social support so as to put forward effective measures to reduce occupational stress for them and to provide theory basis for establish a stable and humanized nursing team.Subjects and methodsA total of 200 second-child pregnant nurses from 10 general hospitals in Guangdong province were investigated with random sampling.The self-designed General Condition Questionnaire,Chinese Nurses Sources Scale,Social Support Rating Scale were used to analyze the influence of the general condition on occupational stress,the level of social support,as well as the relationship between occupational stress and social support.All analyses were performed with SPSS 19.0 for windows.Results(1)Among all the demontions,the levels of the occupational stress from high to low are as follows:time allotting and workload(74.8±18.91)points,patient care(68.66±20.28)points,nursing and aspects of work(64.61±17.85)points,working environment and instruments(63.08±22.00)points,management and interpersonal relationship(60.21±21.56)points.(2)The level of the occupational stress in each dimension in nurses with different age,working years,degree,pregnancy time and the age of first child have statistically significant differences(p<0.05).(3)The level of the occupational stress in each dimension in nurseswith different positional title,positions,working years,departments,posts,employment forms,and monthly income have statistically significant differences(p<0.05).(4)The level of social support each dimension in nurses with different age,pregnancy,pregnancy approaches,pregnancy times and the age of first child of cecond-child have statistically significant differences(p<0.05).(5)The social support of each dimension in nurses with positional title,job title,working years,departments and employment forms have statistically significant differences(p<0.05).(6)Negative correlations were found between nursing and aspects of work,objective support within social support(r=-.150,p<0.05);Negative correlations were also found between time allotting and workload,objective support within social support(r=-173,p<0.05).Conclusion(1)Occupational stress of second-child pregnant nurses mainly include:time allotting and workload,patient care,nursing and aspects of work,work environment and instrument,management and interpersonal relationship.(2)Analysis factors influencing occupational stress in nurses bearing the second-child pregnant nurses shows:nurses aged over 41,in early pregnancy,with first child age under 1 years old,working in the emergency department have high occupational pressure in the working environment and instruments;Contract nurse,with title and position of nursing specialty have high occupation pressure;nurses working in the operation room,night shift,title and position as nurse face high pressure in time allotting and working load.Nurses working in paediatric department,contracted and titled as nurse have high pressures in manage and interpersonal relationship.(3)The overall level of social support for second-child pregnant nurses was affected by age,degree of education,pregnancy,pregnancy quantity,pregnancy mode,residence and post.Second-child pregnant nurses with older age,higher education,laster trimester,natural conception,long nursing age,working in outpatient department,with higher professional title,higher position,preparation,and higher monthly income obtained higher social support.(4)Analysis of influencing factors of social support levelsshowed that nurses last trimester,twin pregnancy,first child aged 6?12 years,working for 10?14 years,in outpatient departmen and working within the syste have higher level of objective support;First child of 3?6 years old,deputy director of the nurse and above,nurse post,nursing age more than 20 years of the second-child pregnancy nurses subjective support level is higher.The levels of utilization degree of social support are higher in natural pregnant nurses.(5)Second-child pregnant nurses with higher social objective support and subjective support may feel lower occupational stress.