Risk Factors For Recurrent Pneumonia In Children

Background: Pneumonia,one of the most common childhood respiratory diseases around the world,is also one of the main causes of death among children in developing countries.With factors changes in the living environment and living conditions,the incidence of children with recurrent pneumonia is increasing year by year,which has brought great harm to children's physical health,but also caused a burden on society and family.In this study we compared and contrasted different parameters thought to have an impact on recurrence of pneumonia in children in an attempt to provide significant predictive value for clinicians worldwide to tackle the problem before a patient has a relapse.The applied benefits of this study,in clinical practice,is that patients with those parameters,which were found to be correlated to recurrent pneumonia,could be isolated and grouped so as to provide proper approach towards management in the hope of preventing recurrent pneumonia.Purpose: In this study,we carried out analysis on multiple factors(gender of patient,birth history(caesarian section or normal delivery),history of breast feeding,history of preterm birth,history of asthma,allergic history,history of obesity/overweight,CD4/CD8<1,IgG levels,IgE levels,decreased neutrophil count(neutropenia),IgA levels,IgM levels,mycoplasma presence,Ebstein Barr Virus)and their individual relationships with recurrent pneumonia.This research shall provide some insight to physicians for reducing the incidence of children with recurrent pneumonia and realize early prevention.Materials and methods: We analyzed the data collected from 102 cases(Experimental Group,with no significant underlying disease)and 102 cases that have been infected with pneumonia for one time(Control Group,with no significant underlying disease)in pediatric inpatient department of Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from January 2014 to January 2015,in an attempt to determine risk factors which are statistically significant for recurrent pneumonia.The statistical software used was SPSS and comparison tool ?2 univariate test to find out individual correlations between amongst the individual risk factors and multiple logistic regression analysis which gives indications if there is any combined correlation.Results: 1.The analysis results of ?2 univariate test: The number of children with overweight/obesity history in the Experimental Group accounted for 36 cases,and 20 in the Control Group;the number of children with allergies history in the Experimental Group accounted for 61 cases,and 41 in the Control Group;the number of children with asthma history in the Experimental Group accounted for 57 cases,and 30 cases in the Control Group;the number of children with Neutropenia syndrome in the Experimental Group accounted for 48 cases,and 25 cases in the Control Group;Routine blood tests showed that the number of children with low IgG in the Experimental Group accounted for 37 cases,and 15 cases in the Control Group and the number of children with high IgE in the Experimental Group accounted for 63 cases,and 39 cases in the Control Group.Experimental results showed that differences in allergies history,asthma history,history of obesity,Neutropenia,lower IgG and higher IgE between Experimental Group and Control Group have statistical significance.Other risk factors investigated were: presence of Mycoplasma,Ebstein Barr virus(EBV)antibody positive history,preterm birth,breastfeeding history,and routine blood test parameters(lower IgM and IgA)between Experimental Group and Control Group,did not have statistical significance.2.Multiple logistic regression analysis: The Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that recurrent pneumonia was independently linked with history of allergies,history of asthma,low level of IgG,and neutrophil count,high level of IgE and history of obesity/overweight.Combined risk factors did not increase the risk of recurrent pneumonia.Conclusion: 1.Recurrent pneumonia for Children with no significant underlying diseases is caused by interaction of multiple factors;2.History of allergies,asthma,obesity/overweight and routine blood tests showing neutropenia,decreased IgG,increased IgE are individual risk factors for recurrent pneumonia in children already presenting with pneumonia.