The Study On The Form Of Modern Catholic Church

Modern Catholic Church is a kind of architectural style built by foreign missionaries in China,which is a kind of completely westernized type of architecture to represent Western culture.Because of the missionary purposes,it caters to the psychology of the people in order to do missionary work and then restricted by the local construction conditions,which lead to a special form and style.It is different between Modern Catholic Church and Modern Christ Church,the Christ Church was mostly built by professional architects,and the Catholic Church was built by assistant friar.So it already can reflect the subjective intention of the church.To study the form of the Catholic Church will be able to find out the process and characteristics of the integration of Chinese and Western cultures,therefore this paper chooses to study the modern Catholic Church in Anhui to supply the research contents of modern architectural history in Anhui.The author take the west of the West Jiangnan parish as the research scope(The scope is the administrative division of Anhui),especially focus on the Catholic Church construction from 1860 to 1936 and analysis them.The author uses the field investigation method to collect and analyze the documents,carding the spread of Catholicism in Anhui and analysis the basic situation of the construction of the Catholic Church in Anhui and the construction of the church.Through surveying and mapping to master the first-hand information.Through the analysis of historical data and the study of the present Catholic architecture,this paper analysis the formal features from the five aspects of the system of plane,the direction of the church,the style of the facade,the details of the decoration and the material and structure.And then use the Ontology semantic analysis to analyze the specific characteristics of the modern Anhui Catholic Church facade decorative detail,then chose the Neiwei Church built by French missionaries,the Kantuan Church built by Italy missionaries and Qingyang Jesus Cathedral built by the Spanish missionaries to analysis the relationship between the formal features and the cultural background of missionaries is discussed.According to the study of the form of modern Anhui Catholic Church,the author draws a conclusion that the plane system is mainly made up of basilicas for the reason that it similar to the traditional Chinese architectural plane system,the church orientation towards three directions,South,East,West.The south is most unique,a few of the south is mainly subject to environmental constraints as well as the public psychology.Mainly by the impact of Chinese architectural culture.The church take brick as aichitecture materials and the main structure also use brick and stone.The facade style emerges a process from Western style to traditional Chinese style;Facade decoration elements coexistence between traditional elements and foreign elements,which reflect the collision and blending of traditional culture and Western culture.In addition,the forms and features of modern Catholic churches in Anhui have close relationship to the builders who come from different countries.the missionaries need to express their intention,therefore the form choice of architecture should be conducive to mission and advantage to response to public psychology on the one hand and it is also a subjective choice of missionaries.On the other hand,missionaries are influenced by the architectural culture of the country in which they are involuntarily.Different characteristics of buildings are affected by different architectural culture.French missionaries,Italy missionaries and Spanish missionaries built the Catholic Church presents the characteristics of architectural culture in France,Italy and spain.